Table 2.
Full descriptions of non-breast cancer studies identified during the literature search.
| Author and Year | Cancer Type | LAN Exposure | Study Design | Sampling Frame | Participant Source | LAN Assessment | Reference Group | Exposure | Adjusted OR/RR | Adjusted/Matched Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walasa, 2018 [49] | Colorectal | Indoor | Case-Control | Population-based | Western Australia Bowel Health Study | Self-reported | No shifts with Light at night | 7.5+ years of shiftwork with light at night | 0.91 (0.55–1.53) | age, education, SES, smoking, and alcohol use |
| Garcia-Saenz, 2018 [45] | Prostate | Indoor | Case-Control | Population-based | MCC-Spain | Self-reported | Total Darkness | Very Illuminated | 2.79 (1.55–5.04) | age, center, educational level, socioeconomic status, UVI, BMI, tobacco, family history of breast/prostate cancer, chronotype, menopausal status (breast cancer), and mutual adjustment for other light exposures |
| Garcia-Saenz, 2018 [45] | Prostate | Outdoor | Case-Control | Population-based | MCC-Spain | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q3 | 0.56 (0.38–0.84) | age, center, educational level, socioeconomic status, UVI, BMI, tobacco, family history of breast/prostate cancer, chronotype, menopausal status (breast cancer), and mutual adjustment for other light exposures |
| Measured | Outdoor Blue LAN Q1 | Outdoor Blue LAN Q3 | 2.05 (1.38–3.03) | |||||||
| Garcia-Saenz, 2020 [46] | Colorectal | Outdoor | Case-Control | Population-based | MCC-Spain | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q3 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | Area, age, sex, educational level, WCRF score, Urban Vulnerability Index, family history, smoking habits, sleeping problems, and sleep duration |
| Measured | Outdoor Blue LAN Q1 | Outdoor Blue LAN Q3 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | |||||||
| Zhong, 2020 [40] | NHL | Outdoor | Prospective Cohort | Population-based | California Teachers Study | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q5 | 1.32 (1.05–1.66) | age, race, SES, BMI, smoking, alcohol, and FH of NHL |
| Xiao, 2021 [39] | Pancreatic | Outdoor | Prospective Cohort | Population-based | NIH-AARP | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q5 | 1.24 (1.03–1.49) | Age, sex, race, education, marital status, state of residence, median home value, poverty rate, and population density at the census tract level |
| Zhang, 2021 [38] | Thyroid | Outdoor | Prospective Cohort | Population-based | NIH-AARP | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q5 | 1.55 (1.18–2.02) | Age, sex, race, education, marital status, state of residence, median home value, poverty rate, and population density at the census tract level |
| Park, 2022 [37] | Liver | Outdoor | Prospective Cohort | Population-based | NIH-AARP | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q5 | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, diabetes, aspirin use, coffee consumption, night-time sleep duration, state, income, and urban–rural code |
| Medgyesi, 2023 [36] | Endometrial | Outdoor | Prospective Cohort | Population-based | NIH-AARP | Measured | Outdoor LAN Q1 | Outdoor LAN Q5 | 0.93 (0.77–1.1) | Age, race/ethnicity, poverty, state, BMI, years of OC use, age at menopause, HRT use, parity, PM2.5, and metro-rural area |