Table 3.

Polynucleotides for Facial Erythema and Scars.

Study	Focus	Methodology	Results	Evidence Level
Lee et al. [44]	Current practices and perceived effectiveness of PN in treating facial erythema	Survey of 100 aesthetic physicians; evaluated use and effectiveness of PN for facial erythema	64% used PN; 71% reported effectiveness in reducing redness and inflammation; 44% reported improved patient satisfaction; 26% in preventing future episodes.	Level IV
Araco et al. [8]	Comparing effectiveness of highly purified PN vs. placebo in treating moderate to severe acne scars	Randomized study with 30 patients; PN or placebo injections; evaluations at baseline, 3, and 6 months	Significant improvements in scar appearance, skin texture, and patient satisfaction in the PN group; well-tolerated with minimal adverse reactions.	Level IIb
Palmieri et al. [45]	Treatment of striae distensae (stretch marks) using an innovative intradermal medical device	Case series with 20 patients; device combining polyphosphoric acid (PN HPT), hyaluronic acid, and mannitol applied intradermally	85% of patients showed noticeable reduction in stretch mark severity; improved collagen production, skin elasticity, and reduced inflammation; well-tolerated.	Level IV
Kim et al. [46]	Preventive effect of PN on post-thyroidectomy scars	Randomized study with 60 patients; PN injections around surgical site vs. saline injections; evaluations at 6 months	PN group showed significantly improved scar quality, reduced scar width, and higher rate of excellent/good scar ratings; well-tolerated with no serious adverse effects.	Level Ib