Table 1.
Patient and disease characteristics.
| Upfront RNU | Ureteroscopy | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | %/IQR/SD | N | %/IQR/SD | ||
| Number of patients, % | 137 | 132 | |||
| Median follow up duration (months), IQR | 16.8 | 10.3 | 15.7 | 9.8 | 0.061 |
| Median age, IQR | 62.3 | 12.6 | 66.4 | 13.9 | 0.188 |
| Gender, % | |||||
| Male | 81 | 59.1% | 94 | 71.2% | 0.055 |
| Female | 55 | 40.1% | 39 | 29.5% | |
| Mean BMI (m2/kg), SD | 25.5 | 4.2 | 26.3 | 4.7 | 0.156 |
| Patients with CKD, % | 44 | 32.1% | 54 | 40.9% | 0.135 |
| History of smoking, % | 73 | 53.3% | 77 | 58.3% | 0.406 |
| Pre-operative hydronephrosis during diagnostic URS, % | 35 | 25.7% | 49 | 37.1% | 0.041 |
| Use of flexible ureteroscope during diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 54 | 40.9% | N/A | |
| Use of access sheath during diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 9 | 6.8% | N/A | |
| Biopsy of lesion during diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 75 | 56.8% | N/A | |
| Retrograde contrast study during diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 81 | 61.4% | N/A | |
| Use of guidewire in in diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 109 | 82.6% | N/A | |
| Ureteric stent prior diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 11 | 8.3% | N/A | |
| Ureteric stent after diagnostic URS, % | N/A | 54 | 40.9% | N/A | |
| Tumour laterality, % | 0.422 | ||||
| Left | 69 | 50.4% | 60 | 54.5% | |
| Right | 68 | 49.6% | 72 | 45.5% | |
| Multifocal tumour, % | 15 | 10.9% | 15 | 9.8% | 0.74 |
| Histology, % | 0.302 | ||||
| Grade 1 | 11 | 8.0% | 7 | 5.3% | |
| Grade 2 | 34 | 24.8% | 31 | 23.5% | |
| Grade 3 | 84 | 61.3% | 89 | 67.4% | |
| Missing | 8 | 5.8% | 5 | 3.8% | |
| pT stage, % | 0.992 | ||||
| Ta/is | 1 | 0.7% | 3 | 2.3% | |
| 1 | 48 | 35.0% | 43 | 32.6% | |
| 2 | 36 | 26.3% | 36 | 27.3% | |
| 3 | 50 | 36.5% | 47 | 35.6% | |
| 4 | 2 | 1.5% | 3 | 2.3% | |
| Surgical approach of RNU, % | 0.89 | ||||
| Open | 43 | 31.4% | 41 | 31.1% | |
| Laparoscopic or robotic | 94 | 68.6% | 91 | 68.9% | |
| Open bladder cuff excision, % | 91 | 66.4% | 87 | 65.9% | 0.929 |
| Post-RNU bladder instillation, % | 15 | 10.9% | 22 | 16.7% | 0.182 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, % | 9 | 6.6% | 13 | 9.8% | 0.319 |
RNU = radical nephroureterectomy; SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index, URS = ureteroscopy; pT stage = pathology tumour staging; N/A = not applicable.