T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
LMIC	Low- and middle-income countries
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
DM	Diabetes mellitus
H2	Hydrogen
CO2	Carbon dioxide
CO	Carbon monoxide
PEP	Phosphoenolpyruvate
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
GPR	G Protein-coupled receptors
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
IECs	Intestinal epithelial cells
IL-4	Interleukin-4
ZO-1	Zona ocludens protein 1
16HBE	16 human bronchial epithelial
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2
FFAR2/3	Free fatty acid receptor 2/3
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
GC	Gas chromatography
FID	Flame ionization detection
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
UV	Ultraviolet
ECD	Electrochemical detection
CE	Capillary electrophoresis
LC-MS	Liquid chromatography–mass spectrophotometry
PFBBr	Pentafluorobenzyl bromide
NRF	National Research Foundation