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. 2024 Jul 29;25(15):8285. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158285

Table 2.

Summary of lipidomics results from cell culture experiments.

References Experimental Model Treatment Lipidomic Approach
(Number of Lipid Molecules) 		Lipidomic Features
Luukkonen et al. (2017) [9] HuH7 hepatome cells TM6SF KD LC-MS
(186)

  • ↓ PUFA into TG and PC

  • ↑ FA 16:0 and FA 18:1n-9 into TG, PC and CE
Ruhanen et al. (2020) [28] Immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) ANGPTL3 KD DI-MS/MS
and GC-MS
(168)

  • ↑ PUFA

  • ↓ CE

  • ↑ lipid mediators (RvD6, PGD2, PGF2a, TxB2, 10S, 17S-diHDPA, MaR2, 13,14-dehydro,15-oxo-LXA4, LTB4, 22-OH-MaR1, RvD5n-3 DPA, 10S, 17S-diHDHA, 5S, 12S-diHETE, PGE2, 4S, 14S-diHDHA)
Ruhanen et al. (2017) [29] HuH7 hepatome cells TM6SF KD DI-MS/MS
and GC-MS
(144)

  • Intracellular accumulation of TG, CE, PC, and PE with ↓ PUFA species and ↑ SFA and MUFA species

  • ↓ FA 20:4n-6 in PC
Burks et al. (2024) [30] HepG2 ANGPTL3 KO LC-MS
(73)

  • ANGPTL3 −/−: ↓ TG(16:1, 16:1,20:3), TG(16:1, 16:1, 18:2), TG (20:3, 18:2, 16:0), TG(20:3, 18:1, 16:0), TG (16:1, 18:1, 18:2) and TG (16.0, 16:1, 18:2) but no change in total neutral lipid accumulation

  • ANGPTL3 −/−: ↓ PUFA, fatty acids with double bonds, and TG

  • ANGPTL3 −/− and RLDL −/−:
Matilainen et al. (2020) [32] HepG2 Orotic acid
[500 μM] 5 days		 GC-MS
(45)

  • ↓ FA 16:0, ↑ FA 16:1n-7 and ↑ PUFA (FA 18:1n-9, FA 20:4n-6 and FA 22:6n-3)
Sazaki et al. (2023)
[33]		 Human liver-derived C3A cell line incubation with nLDLs or oxLDLs LC-MS/MS
(56)

  • nLDL → ↑ CE enrich LD and ↑ TG hydrolysis

  • nLDL → ↓ oxidative degeneration of CE

  • oxLDL → ↑ CE hydroperoxides (CE-OOH) enriched LD and ↑ (PC)-OOH/PC ratio
Kiamehr et al. (2019) [35] Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from iPSC HLC vs. HepG2 and Primary Human Hepatocytes (PHH) LC-MS and GC-MS
(145)

  • HLCs resembled PHHs in their lipid and FA profile

  • HLCs contained low levels of lysophospholipids compared to HepG2
Feaver et al. (2016)
[36]		 In vitro liver model of hepatocytes, HSCs and macrophages 10 days combination of (glucose [24 μM], insulin [6.9 nM], NEFA (OA [65 μM] + PA [45 μM]) LC-MS
(767)

  • ↑ Total lipids lead by ↑ TG, DG, MUFA, SFA, NEFA and CE

  • ↑ n-6/n-3 ratio

↓: reduced; ↑: increased; HSC: hepatic stellate cells.