Functionality of the TISU 5′ UTR in unmodified mRNA. (A) Luciferase activity in HEK-293 cells 24 h after transfection of unmodified mRNAs containing no 5′UTR, a Kozak 5′UTR, or a TISU 5′ UTR and coding for gaussia luciferase (white bars) or firefly luciferase (grey bars). (B) Fluorescence over 48 h in HEK-293 cells after transfection of unmodified mRNAs containing no 5′UTR, a Kozak 5′UTR, or a TISU 5′ UTR and coding for ZsGreen. (A,B) Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used to determine the significance between the different groups. ns = not significant, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.