Figure 1.

A simplified overview of patient-derived tumor organoid generation. This figure gives an overview of the generation of patient-derived tumor organoids. (1) The process begins with the collection of tumor tissue from patients, obtained via biopsy or surgery; (2) the acquired tissue is then finely minced into small tissue cubes approximately 1 mm³ in size using scalpels; (3) this minced tissue undergoes mechanical or enzymatic digestion, such as with collagenase or dispase, to dissociate it into single cells; (4) these isolated single cells are subsequently mixed with a basal membrane extract (BME), such as Matrigel or Cultrex; and (5) the cell-BME suspension is then plated in domes onto a well-plate or petri dish, which is inverted for half an hour and then overlaid with tumor-specific medium. In these domes, the single cells proliferate and organize into patient-derived tumor organoids. BME, basal membrane extract; PDTOs, patient-derived tumor organoids.