Table 2.
Potential confounding factors for the risk of PAD in hypertensive population
| Variables | OR (95%CI) | P |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | < .001 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Ref | |
| Female | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | 0.293 |
| Race | ||
| Mexican American | Ref | |
| Other Hispanic | 0.72 (0.29–1.79) | 0.469 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.01 (0.62–1.62) | 0.978 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.42 (0.77–2.60) | 0.253 |
| Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 0.32 (0.10–1.00) | 0.051 |
| Education Level | ||
| Less than 9th grade | Ref | |
| 9-11th grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma) | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 0.084 |
| High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 0.62 (0.42–0.90) | 0.014 |
| Some college or AA degree | 0.49 (0.32–0.74) | 0.001 |
| College graduate or above | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | < .001 |
| Physical activity | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.51 (0.39–0.67) | < .001 |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | Ref | |
| Former smoker | 1.83 (1.30–2.59) | < .001 |
| Current smoker | 2.06 (1.52–2.81) | < .001 |
| Drinking | ||
| < 1 times/week | Ref | |
| ≥ 1 times/week | 0.57 (0.42–0.76) | < .001 |
| CVD | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 3.11 (2.22–4.36) | < .001 |
| Dyslipidemia | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.56 (1.12–2.18) | 0.009 |
| Body Mass Index | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.851 |
| Waist Circumference | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.076 |
| Diabetes | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 2.29 (1.78–2.94) | < .001 |
PAD: Peripheral artery disease, OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, GED: General equivalent diploma, CVD: Cardiovascular disease