AAMI	age-associated memory impairment
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AKAP	A-kinase-anchoring proteins
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CNS	central nervous system
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COX	cyclooxygenase
CR	conserved region
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
CUS	chronic unpredictable stress
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GMP	guanosine monophosphate
HARBS	high-affinity Rolipram binding state
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
LARBS	Low-affinity Rolipram binding state
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAS	McCune–Albright syndrome
MS	multiple sclerosis
PAMPA	parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
PDE	phosphodiesterase
PDE4	phosphodiesterase 4
PDE4I	phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor
PKA	protein kinase A
RACK1	receptor for activated C kinase 1
ROS	reactive oxygen species
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
UCR	upstream-conserved region