Figure 4.

Illustrative diagram of the structural findings of the retina of the APP^NL-F/NL-F murine model compared to the WT model. The timeline reveals early neurodegenerative processes caused by the accumulation of beta-amyloid oligomers, followed by neuroinflammatory processes mediated by the activation of macro- and microglia and, ultimately, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, leading to the neurodegeneration of the outer retina and the death of photoreceptors. Blue tones: thinning; red tones: thickening. Significance values were set to • p < 0.05 and •• p < 0.01.