Table 1.
Gender Differences in the Sociodemographic and Comorbid Characteristics of AMI Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias
| All Ventricular Arrhythmias (N = 174,565, 11.3%) |
P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 132,385, 75.8%) |
Female (n = 42,180, 24.2%) |
||
| Age (y) | 62 ± 0.2 | 66 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.0001 | ||
| White | 78.4 | 77.3 | |
| Blacks | 7.76 | 11.7 | |
| Hispanics | 6.99 | 6.2 | |
| Asians | 2.63 | 1.6 | |
| Native Americans | 0.6 | 0.5 | |
| Others | 3.7 | 2.7 | |
| Median household income | <0.0001 | ||
| 1 | 25.8 | 29.1 | |
| 2 | 26.4 | 29.0 | |
| 3 | 25.4 | 23.8 | |
| 4 | 22.3 | 18.1 | |
| Primary insurance payer | <0.0001 | ||
| Medicaid | 40.84 | 56.5 | |
| Medicare | 10.03 | 10.86 | |
| Private pay | 37.78 | 25.98 | |
| Self-pay | 6.86 | 4.83 | |
| No-charge | 0.54 | 0.3 | |
| Others | 3.95 | 1.53 | |
| Hospital bed size | 0.623 | ||
| Small | 15.49 | 15.85 | |
| Medium | 29.78 | 29.34 | |
| Large | 54.73 | 54.81 | |
| Hospital location/teaching status | 0.093 | ||
| Rural | 5.08 | 5.69 | |
| Urban nonteaching | 20.57 | 20.41 | |
| Urban teaching | 74.36 | 73.9 | |
| Hospital region | <0.0001 | ||
| Northeast | 16.62 | 16.39 | |
| Midwest | 24.53 | 26.67 | |
| South | 37.93 | 38.8 | |
| West | 20.91 | 18.14 | |
| Old MI | 14.3 | 11.2 | <0.0001 |
| Old PCI | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.056 |
| Old CABG | 5.6 | 3.8 | <0.0001 |
| Old pacemaker | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.145 |
| Old catheter ablation | 2.7 | 1.6 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 39.9 | 39.4 | 0.379 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11.2 | 12.2 | 0.013 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3.6 | 5.1 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 25.9 | 21.2 | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 16.6 | 20.5 | <0.0001 |
| Cocaine use | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.0005 |
| CHF | 34.6 | 39.5 | <0.0001 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity categories | <0.0001 | ||
| 1 | 5.67 | 3.57 | |
| 2 | 13.96 | 8.88 | |
| ≥3 | 80.37 | 87.55 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 63.3 | 61.9 | 0.025 |
| Prior catheter ablation | 7.3 | 2.7 | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 19.5 | 21.5 | 0.0001 |
| Palliative care | 4.5 | 5.9 | <0.0001 |
| DNR | 6.8 | 10.0 | <0.0001 |
| ADPRG severity scale | |||
| 1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | |
| 2 | 34.4 | 26.9 | |
| 3 | 24.7 | 25.6 | |
| 4 | 39.4 | 45.4 | |
Values are percentage unless otherwise indicated. Estimated median household incomes are zip code-specific, updated annually and are classified into 4 quartiles indicating the poorest to wealthiest populations.
ADPRG = All-Payer Refined Diagnostic Related Group; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF = congestive heart failure; DNR = do-not-resuscitate; MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.