Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| T1 | T2 | T3 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4277 | 4224 | 4348 | - |
| Age(years) | 56.1 ± 10.5 | 56.5 ± 10.2 | 56.0 ± 10.5 | 0.0358 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 5.7 | 30.0 ± 6.4 | 32.1 ± 6.5 | < 0.0001 |
| GLU(mg/dL) | 103.0 ± 27.7 | 112.7 ± 37.9 | 117.6 ± 37.6 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL(mg/dL) | 70.2 ± 17.1 | 51.7 ± 9.1 | 39.7 ± 7.6 | < 0.0001 |
| TC(mg/dL) | 206.7 ± 39.1 | 199.7 ± 40.8 | 195.3 ± 45.6 | < 0.0001 |
| TG(mg/dL) | 93.4 ± 95.6 | 129.3 ± 76.0 | 183.0 ± 130.8 | < 0.0001 |
| LDL(mg/dL) | 117.6 ± 34.8 | 120.6 ± 35.0 | 117.4 ± 37.8 | 0.0071 |
| eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m²) | 97.84 ± 32.57 | 108.40 ± 37.22 | 114.64 ± 40.13 | < 0.0001 |
| Uric acid(mg/dL) | 4.36 ± 0.96 | 5.49 ± 0.97 | 6.68 ± 1.24 | < 0.0001 |
| α-klotho(pg/mL) | 881.3 ± 311.3 | 839.4 ± 289.8 | 810.8 ± 266.9 | < 0.0001 |
| VD(nmol/L) | 80.0 ± 32.5 | 71.8 ± 27.2 | 67.6 ± 24.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Income-poverty ratio (%) | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Male(%) | 19.4 | 51.2 | 75.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Ethnic(%) | 0.058 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 74.1 | 71.4 | 73.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 9.4 | 9.1 | 8.8 | |
| Other Race | 16.6 | 19.5 | 17.9 | |
| Married(%) | 64.1 | 66 | 67.9 | < 0.0001 |
| College and above(%) | 67.3 | 60 | 57.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Drinking(%) | 76.7 | 76.4 | 80.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking(%) | 43.3 | 46.5 | 54.5 | < 0.0001 |
| CVD(%) | 2.1 | 4.3 | 6.5 | < 0.0001 |
| DM(%) | 7.2 | 13.8 | 20 | < 0.0001 |
| HTN(%) | 31.5 | 42.5 | 51.6 | < 0.0001 |
| CKD(%) | 8.39 | 5.69 | 6.26 | < 0.0001 |
| Cancer(%) | 13.1 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 0.5701 |
| Stroke(%) | 2.5 | 2.9 | 4.5 | < 0.0001 |
Note T: Tertile, TC: Total Cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, GLU: Glucose, eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, VD: serum vitamin D, CVD: Cardiovascular Disease, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HTN: Hypertension, CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease