Table 1.
Baseline population characteristics by quintiles of dietary CoQ10 intake 1.
| Characteristics | Dietary CoQ10 Intake (mg/day) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Q1 (≤2.71) | Q2 (2.71 to ≤4.26) | Q3 (4.26 to ≤6.39) | Q4 (>6.39) | ||
| Participants, n | 11428 | 2857 | 2857 | 2857 | 2857 | - |
| Age, years | 41.7 (13.9) | 42.8 (14.9) | 41.9 (13.7) | 41.2 (13.5) | 40.9 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Man, (n %) | 5220 (45.7%) | 1204 (42.1%) | 1243 (43.5%) | 1371 (48.0%) | 1402 (49.1%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 (3.2) | 22.4 (3.3) | 22.2 (3.1) | 22.4 (3.1) | 22.8 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.1 (11.5) | 113.9 (11.6) | 113.7 (12.0) | 114.0 (11.4) | 114.8 (10.8) | 0.002 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.2 (7.8) | 73.8 (8.0) | 73.7 (8.1) | 74.2 (7.6) | 75.2 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Education level, (n %) | <0.001 | |||||
| Middle school or below | 7912 (70.6%) | 2081 (74.7%) | 2008 (71.6%) | 1920 (68.3%) | 1903 (67.9%) | |
| High school | 2452 (21.9%) | 507 (18.2%) | 612 (21.8%) | 662 (23.6%) | 671 (23.9%) | |
| College or above | 838 (7.5%) | 197 (7.1%) | 183 (6.5%) | 228 (8.1%) | 230 (8.2%) | |
| Former or current smoker, (n %) | 3363 (29.6%) | 773 (27.2%) | 790 (27.7%) | 875 (30.8%) | 925 (32.5%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumer, (n %) | 3918 (34.7%) | 876 (30.9%) | 951 (33.7%) | 1012 (36.0%) | 1079 (38.1%) | <0.001 |
| Married, (n %) | 9544 (84.2%) | 2327 (82.3%) | 2414 (85.1%) | 2372 (83.8%) | 2431 (85.8%) | <0.001 |
| Urban residence, (n %) | 4396 (38.5%) | 967 (33.8%) | 1071 (37.5%) | 1166 (40.8%) | 1192 (41.7%) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, METs-h/week, median [IQR] | 88.9 [18.0; 206.4] | 99.6 [18.6; 227.5] | 92.8 [18.1; 217.4] | 86.0 [17.7; 193.2] | 82.2 [17.1; 192.0] | <0.001 |
| Energy, kcal/d | 2144.3 (564.0) | 1988.6 (568.8) | 2084.9 (518.0) | 2187.3 (528.8) | 2316.4 (584.9) | <0.001 |
| Total fat, % of energy | 29.8 (10.5) | 24.7 (11.0) | 28.6 (9.3) | 31.2 (9.1) | 34.5 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Total carbohydrate, % of energy | 56.8 (11.3) | 62.3 (12.0) | 57.9 (10.2) | 55.1 (9.8) | 51.9 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Total protein, % of energy | 12.7 (2.7) | 12.4 (2.8) | 12.8 (2.6) | 13.0 (2.6) | 12.8 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Vegetable intake, g/day | 301.1 (136.3) | 279.9 (141.5) | 303.0 (127.3) | 313.6 (133.4) | 307.9 (140.1) | <0.001 |
| Fruit intake, g/day | 0.0 [0.0; 50.0] | 0.0 [0.0; 25.0] | 0.0 [0.0; 41.7] | 0.0 [0.0; 57.5] | 0.0 [0.0; 83.3] | <0.001 |
1 Continuous data are reported as mean (SD), median (IQR), while categorical data are shown as n (%). Baseline data on nondietary factors were collected, and dietary data were calculated as cumulative average from baseline and follow-up periods. Abbreviations: BMI (body mass index), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), IQR (indicates interquartile range), SBP (systolic blood pressure).