Table 3.
Cardiometabolic disease risk factor responses from consuming VEG vs. BEEF HDP for 5 weeks (N = 41).
| Outcome | VEG HDP | BEEF HDP | p Values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | Time | Time × Diet | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180.5 ± 4 | 166.0 ± 4 | −14.5 ± 3.5 * | 178.8 ± 4 | 168.5 ± 4 | −10.3 ± 3.5 * | 0.001 | 0.166 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 120.9 ± 3.5 | 110.3 ± 3.4 | −10.6 ± 2.9 * | 119.4 ± 3.4 | 113.7 ± 3.4 | −5.8 ± 2.9 | 0.005 | 0.036 |
| Total LDL particles (nmol/L) | 870.3 ± 21.8 | 792.9 ± 21.8 | −77.4 ± 19.8 * | 853 ± 21.7 | 791.5 ± 21.8 | −61.5 ± 19.7 * | <0.001 | 0.366 |
| Dense LDL III (nmol/L) | 288.3 ± 15.4 | 266.3 ± 15.3 | −22 ± 16.1 | 273.5 ± 15.3 | 243.4 ± 15.4 | −30.1 ± 16 | 0.063 | 0.636 |
| Dense LDL IV (nmol/L) | 77.6 ± 2.9 | 70.3 ± 2.9 | −7.4 ± 3 | 75.8 ± 2.9 | 70.6 ± 2.9 | −5.2 ± 3 | 0.010 | 0.577 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 48.1 ± 1.2 | 42 ± 1.2 | −6.1 ± 1 * | 47.4 ± 1.2 | 42.1 ± 1.2 | −5.4 ± 1 * | <0.001 | 0.415 |
| Total HDL particles (nmol/L) | 7036.8 ± 88.5 | 6687.3 ± 88.5 | −349.5 ± 95 * | 6998.7 ± 88.4 | 6663 ± 88.4 | −335.7 ± 94.6 * | <0.001 | 0.916 |
| Buoyant HDL2b (nmol/L) | 2135 ± 59 | 1889.3 ± 58.8 | −245.6 ± 51.6 * | 2128 ± 58.7 | 1863.1 ± 58.9 | −264.9 ± 51.1 * | <0.001 | 0.657 |
| Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 88.5 ± 2.2 | 84.3 ± 2.2 | −4.2 ± 2 | 87 ± 2.2 | 85.1 ± 2.2 | −1.8 ± 2 | 0.100 | 0.158 |
| Apolipoprotein A1(mg/dL) | 135.7 ± 2.4 | 120.7 ± 2.4 | −15.1 ± 2.2 * | 134.5 ± 2.4 | 121.3 ± 2.4 | −13.2 ± 2.2 * | <0.001 | 0.424 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 103.6 ± 5.7 | 104.9 ± 5.7 | 1.3 ± 5.3 | 98.3 ± 5.7 | 97.4 ± 5.7 | −0.9 ± 5.2 | 0.967 | 0.681 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 94.7 ± 1.1 | 92.1 ± 1.1 | −2.7 ± 1.1 | 93.3 ± 1.1 | 93.9 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.317 | 0.001 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 7.8 ± 0.7 | −1.4 ± 0.5 * | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | −0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.100 | 0.020 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | −0.6 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.618 | 0.140 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.9 ± 1.2 | 112.2 ± 1.2 | −2.7 ± 1.2 | 114 ± 1.2 | 112.5 ± 1.2 | −1.5 ± 1.2 | 0.044 | 0.265 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.8 ± 1.1 | 74.4 ± 1.1 | −1.4 ± 0.9 | 76.2 ± 1.1 | 74.4 ± 1.1 | −1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.065 | 0.634 |
* Significant change from pre to post within intervention (p < 0.05). Vegetarian healthy dietary pattern (VEG); beef healthy dietary pattern (BEEF); healthy dietary pattern (HDP); low-density lipoprotein (LDL); high-density lipoprotein (HDL); homeostatic model assessment for insulin (HOMA-IR); systolic blood pressure (SBP); diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Data are reported as least squared means ± SE. Data were analyzed using a doubly repeated-measures ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, and body mass at each time point.