Table 1.

Anticancer activity of fluoroquinolones.

Comp. No.	Name and Structure of Fluoroquinolone	Cell Line/Activity	Mechanism of Anticancer Activity	Ref.
1	Ciprofloxacin	COLO829 melanoma cells/100 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S phase, induction of mitochondrial membrane breakdown leading to apoptosis	[22]
		MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells/14 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S phase, induction of apoptosis	[23]
		U87MG glioma cells/0.5 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S and sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, and induction of apoptosis	[24]
		LOVO colon cancer cells/110 µM	Induction of apoptosis	[25]
		T24 bladder cancer cells/238 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S phase, induction of apoptosis	[26]
		Huh7/29.4 µM, HepG2/2.9 µM liver cancer cells	Increased expression of CD86+CD206- macrophages leading to inhibition of cell growth	[27]
		Lung cancer cells A549	Cell cycle arrests in G2/M phase	[28]
2	Norfloxacin	NCI-H460 lung cancer cells/43.5% of inhibition at 200 µM	Antiproliferative effect, generation of apoptosis	[29]
		B16-F10 (mouse melanoma)/<55 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S phase, induction of apoptosis	[26]
		A20 (mouse lymphoma)/<55 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S phase, induction of apoptosis
3	Lomefloxacin	COLO829 melanoma cells/250 µM	Cell cycle arrests in S and G2/M phases, induction of mitochondrial membrane breakdown leading to apoptosis and enhancement of the antiproliferative effect when the drug is exposed to UVA radiation	[30,31]
		HeLa S3 epithelial cancer cells, A431/45.5% of inhibition at 100 µM	Antiproliferative effect, generation of photocleavage of plasmid DNA associated with high photoreactivity of the compound	[32]
		HL-60 leukaemia cells/11% of inhibition at 100 µM	Induction of apoptosis in combination with UVA radiation	[33]
4	Levofloxacin	HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma/60% of inhibition at 250 µM	Cell cycle arrests in G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis	[34]
		MCF-7/58% of inhibition at 5 µM, MDA-MB-231/45% of inhibition at 5 µM, SkBr-2 breast cancer cells/60% of inhibition at 5 µM	Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis	[35]
5	Gatifloxacin	Pancreatic cancer cells MIA PaCa-2/73% of inhibition at 250 µM and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells/72% of inhibition at 250 µM	Cell cycle arrests in phases S and G2 without induction of apoptosis	[36]