Table 1.
Trematode parasites detected in recently metamorphosed leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) collected from SBN in 2022. For each parasite taxon, we present the species identification (based on morphology and genetics), the life stage found, infection prevalence (proportion of hosts with infection), the average number of parasites per host (including uninfected animals), the locations within the host where infection was observed, and an overview of the parasite's life cycle (typically from first intermediate to second intermediate to definitive host). Data based on a sample of 15 frogs.
| Species | Family | Stage | Prevalence | Load ±1 SE (range) | Location | Life cycle | GenBank Numbers | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brachylaima sp. | Brachylaimidae | adult | 6.6% | 14 | small intestine | Land snail, and small mammal | 28S (PQ013240) | 1 |
| Cephalogonimus americanus | Cephalogonimidae | metacercariae | 100% | 146.6 ± 36.3 | body cavity, mandible, mesentery, and skin | Aquatic snail, larval amphibian, and adult amphibian | ITS2+28S (PQ013241–PQ013245), 28S (PQ013252, PQ013253); cox1 (PP993596–PP993603) | 2 |
| Echinostoma spp. | Echinostomatidae | metacercariae | 86.7% | 45.7 ± 15.2 | kidneys | Aquatic snail, amphibian or fish, and bird or mammal | Not sequenced | 3 |
| Gorgoderina attenuata | Gorgoderidae | adult | 66.7% | 8.6 ± 1.2 | Urinary bladder, body cavity | Fingernail clams, larval amphibian or odonate, and adult amphibian | ITS region +28S (PQ013246–PQ013248), 28S (PQ013258) | 4 |
| Lechriorchis tygarti | Reniferidae | metacercariae | 100% | 24.9 ± 5.3 | mandible, mesentery, muscle, tongue, and skin | Aquatic snail, larval amphibian, and reptile | ITS region + 28S (PQ013249–PQ013251), 28S (PQ013259) | 5 |
| Ribeiroia ondatrae | Echinostomatidae | metacercariae | 100% | 75.2 ± 9.4 | body cavity, mandible, mesentery, muscle, tongue, and skin | Rams horn snail, amphibian or fish, and bird | 28S (PQ013260) | 6 |