Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of women according to the performance of NIPT.
| Women’s characteristics | Total | No NIPT | NIPT | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 27,337) | (n = 15,305) | (n = 12,032) | ||
| Age class | < 0.001 | |||
| < 30 years | 5147 (18.8 %) | 3857 (25.2 %) | 1290 (10.7 %) | |
| < 40 years | 19224 (70.3 %) | 10513 (68.7 %) | 8711 (72.4 %) | |
| ≥ 40 years | 2966 (10.8 %) | 935 (6.1 %) | 2031 (16.9 %) | |
| Nationality | < 0.001 | |||
| Italian | 25533 (93.4 %) | 14012 (91.6 %) | 11521 (95.8 %) | |
| Non-Italian | 1804 (6.6 %) | 1293 (8.4 %) | 511 (4.2 %) | |
| Homeland migration pressure | < 0.001 | |||
| Italy | 25533 (93.4 %) | 14012 (91.6 %) | 11521 (95.8 %) | |
| High | 1608 (5.9 %) | 1184 (7.7 %) | 424 (3.5 %) | |
| Low | 196 (0.7 %) | 109 (0.7 %) | 87 (0.7 %) | |
| Education level | < 0.001 | |||
| Low | 2467 (9.0 %) | 1764 (11.5 %) | 703 (5.8 %) | |
| High school | 10856 (39.7 %) | 6592 (43.1 %) | 4264 (35.4 %) | |
| University | 14014 (51.3 %) | 6949 (45.4 %) | 7065 (58.7 %) | |
| Work condition | < 0.001 | |||
| Unemployed | 4015 (14.7 %) | 2812 (18.4 %) | 1203 (10.0 %) | |
| Employed | 23322 (85.3 %) | 12493 (81.6 %) | 10829 (90.0 %) | |
| Civil status | 0.004 | |||
| Without partner | 1002 (3.7 %) | 605 (4.0 %) | 397 (3.3 %) | |
| With partner | 26335 (96.3 %) | 14700 (96.0 %) | 11635 (96.7 %) | |
| Local Health Authority | < 0.001 | |||
| LHA1 | 9027 (33.0 %) | 5233 (34.2 %) | 3794 (31.5 %) | |
| LHA2 | 13052 (47.7 %) | 7646 (50.0 %) | 5406 (44.9 %) | |
| LHA3 | 5258 (19.2 %) | 2426 (15.9 %) | 2832 (23.5 %) | |
| Economic condition | < 0.001 | |||
| Not troubled | 6262 (22.9 %) | 3013 (19.7 %) | 3249 (27.0 %) | |
| Quite troubled | 15271 (55.9 %) | 8506 (55.6 %) | 6765 (56.2 %) | |
| Troubled | 5804 (21.2 %) | 3786 (24.7 %) | 2018 (16.8 %) | |
| BMI class | < 0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 1911 (7.0 %) | 999 (6.5 %) | 912 (7.6 %) | |
| Normal | 19029 (69.6 %) | 10419 (68.1 %) | 8610 (71.6 %) | |
| Overweight | 4483 (16.4 %) | 2672 (17.5 %) | 1811 (15.1 %) | |
| Obesity | 1914 (7.0 %) | 1215 (7.9 %) | 699 (5.8 %) | |
| Perceived health, median (IQR) | 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 0.53 |
| Parity | < 0.001 | |||
| Multiparous | 10278 (37.6 %) | 5941 (38.8 %) | 4337 (36.0 %) | |
| Primigravidae | 17059 (62.4 %) | 9364 (61.2 %) | 7695 (64.0 %) | |
| Pregnancy planning | < 0.001 | |||
| Planned pregnancy | 15743 (57.6 %) | 8358 (54.6 %) | 7385 (61.4 %) | |
| Not excluded | 8964 (32.8 %) | 5330 (34.8 %) | 3634 (30.2 %) | |
| Unplanned | 2630 (9.6 %) | 1617 (10.6 %) | 1013 (8.4 %) | |
| Close people during pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||
| No one | 510 (1.9 %) | 300 (2.0 %) | 210 (1.7 %) | |
| Less than 5 | 22668 (82.9 %) | 12575 (82.2 %) | 10093 (83.9 %) | |
| 6 or more | 4159 (15.2 %) | 2430 (15.9 %) | 1729 (14.4 %) | |
| Folate intake | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 26221 (95.9 %) | 14545 (95.0 %) | 11676 (97.0 %) | |
| No | 1116 (4.1 %) | 760 (5.0 %) | 356 (3.0 %) | |
| Smoking in pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 25653 (93.8 %) | 14250 (93.1 %) | 11403 (94.8 %) | |
| Yes | 1684 (6.2 %) | 1055 (6.9 %) | 629 (5.2 %) | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.037 | |||
| Never | 19174 (70.1 %) | 10815 (70.7 %) | 8359 (69.5 %) | |
| < 5 times a month | 7739 (28.3 %) | 4271 (27.9 %) | 3468 (28.8 %) | |
| ≥ 5 times a month | 424 (1.6 %) | 219 (1.4 %) | 205 (1.7 %) | |
| High-risk pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 22192 (81.2 %) | 12564 (82.1 %) | 9628 (80.0 %) | |
| Yes | 5145 (18.8 %) | 2741 (17.9 %) | 2404 (20.0 %) | |
| Discomfort in pregnancy | 0.10 | |||
| No | 19439 (71.1 %) | 10944 (71.5 %) | 8495 (70.6 %) | |
| Yes | 7898 (28.9 %) | 4361 (28.5 %) | 3537 (29.4 %) | |
| Setting of pregnancy care | < 0.001 | |||
| Counselling centre | 7089 (25.9 %) | 4922 (32.2 %) | 2167 (18.0 %) | |
| Public hospital | 6833 (25.0 %) | 3597 (23.5 %) | 3236 (26.9 %) | |
| Private | 13415 (49.1 %) | 6786 (44.3 %) | 6629 (55.1 %) | |
| Pregnancy assisting professional | < 0.001 | |||
| Midwife | 2746 (10.0 %) | 2034 (13.3 %) | 712 (5.9 %) | |
| Gynecologist | 19178 (70.2 %) | 9989 (65.3 %) | 9189 (76.4 %) | |
| Midwife + gynecologist | 5358 (19.6 %) | 3249 (21.2 %) | 2109 (17.5 %) | |
| Others | 55 (0.2 %) | 33 (0.2 %) | 22 (0.2 %) | |
| Pregnancy exam booking | < 0.001 | |||
| By the woman | 15291 (55.9 %) | 8212 (53.7 %) | 7079 (58.8 %) | |
| By public professionals | 11544 (42.2 %) | 6872 (44.9 %) | 4672 (38.8 %) | |
| By private professionals | 502 (1.8 %) | 221 (1.4 %) | 281 (2.3 %) | |
| Combined screening test | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 783 (2.9 %) | 111 (0.7 %) | 672 (5.6 %) | |
| Yes | 26554 (97.1 %) | 15194 (99.3 %) | 11360 (94.4 %) | |
| Pregnancy examination knowledge, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 0.050 |
| Access to pregnancy services | 0.004 | |||
| Very easy | 22398 (81.9 %) | 12639 (82.6 %) | 9759 (81.1 %) | |
| Quite easy | 3784 (13.8 %) | 2025 (13.2 %) | 1759 (14.6 %) | |
| Not easy | 1155 (4.2 %) | 641 (4.2 %) | 514 (4.3 %) | |
| Delays due to waiting | 0.032 | |||
| No | 18811 (68.8 %) | 10620 (69.4 %) | 8191 (68.1 %) | |
| Few | 7732 (28.3 %) | 4265 (27.9 %) | 3467 (28.8 %) | |
| Frequent | 794 (2.9 %) | 420 (2.7 %) | 374 (3.1 %) | |
| Involvement in choices | < 0.001 | |||
| Low | 7192 (26.3 %) | 3911 (25.6 %) | 3281 (27.3 %) | |
| Average | 10207 (37.3 %) | 5637 (36.8 %) | 4570 (38.0 %) | |
| High | 9938 (36.4 %) | 5757 (37.6 %) | 4181 (34.7 %) | |
| Influenza or pertussis vaccination | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 10439 (38.2 %) | 6431 (42.0 %) | 4008 (33.3 %) | |
| Yes | 16898 (61.8 %) | 8874 (58.0 %) | 8024 (66.7 %) |