TABLE 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of study cohort
| Variable | Number (%) or Median (IQR) N = 125 180 |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 3.8 (1.9–7.0) |
| Male sex | 65 402 (52.2) |
| Race and ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 44 170 (35.3) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 25 092 (20.0) |
| Hispanic | 35 477 (28.3) |
| All others | 17 271 (13.8) |
| Missing | 3170 (2.5) |
| Geographic region | |
| Midwest | 29 758 (23.8) |
| Northeast | 14 266 (11.4) |
| South | 48 810 (39.0) |
| West | 32 346 (25.8) |
| Primary source of payment | |
| Public | 74 539 (59.5) |
| Private | 41 834 (33.4) |
| Other or unknown | 8807 (7.0) |
| Friday or Saturday encounter | 33 872 (27.1) |
| Diagnostic testing | |
| Chest radiography | 102 875 (82.2) |
| Chest computed tomography | 1083 (0.9) |
| Chest ultrasonography | 1862 (1.5) |
| Blood culture | 23 458 (18.7) |
| Complete blood count | 34 203 (27.3) |
| C-reactive protein | 18 575 (14.8) |
| Procalcitonin | 2974 (2.4) |
| Viral testing | 21 390 (17.1) |
| Respiratory culture | 490 (0.4) |
| Treatment | |
| Any intravenous fluid | 30 042 (24.0) |
| Intravenous fluid for ≥2 d | 11 979 (9.6) |
| Any supplementary oxygen | 15 450 (12.3) |
| Supplementary oxygen for ≥2 d | 1499 (7.4) |
| High flow nasal cannula | 1411 (1.1) |
| CPAP or BiPAP | 2901 (2.3) |
| Given antibioticsa | 65 062 (52.0) |
| Disposition | |
| Admitted on initial visit | 37 154 (29.7) |
| Admission length of stay, daysb | 3 (2–4) |
| ICU length of stay, daysc | 2 (1–3) |
| Any revisit | 7530 (6.0) |
| Revisit leading to admission | 2948 (2.4) |
a
Defined as ordering of oral or intravenous antibiotics at any time during encounter, not including antibiotics prescribed at discharge.
b
Among admitted patients, taking the longer admission from the index or revisit (where applicable) per encounter.
c
Among patients admitted to ICU, taking the longer admission from the index or revisit (where applicable) per encounter.