Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects.
| Characteristics | Osteoporosis (-) | Osteoporosis (+) | Total | p |
| Number (%) | 204 (87.6) | 29 (12.4) | 233 | |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 114 (55.9) | 27 (93.1) | 141 (60.5) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 70.0 ± 8.2 | 72.0 ± 8.7 | 70.2 ± 8.3 | 0.232 |
| LTL at baseline, mean ± SD, kbp | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 0.080 |
| LTL at baseline, median (IQR), kbp | 7.2 (6.7–8.1) | 7.8 (6.8–9.3) | 7.2 (6.7–8.2) | 0.080 |
| LTL at 2-year follow-up, mean ± SD, kbp | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 0.195 |
| LTL at 2-year follow-up, median (IQR), kbp | 6.6 (6.2–7.4) | 6.4 (5.8–7.2) | 6.6 (6.1–7.4) | 0.195 |
| BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 2.9 | 23.8 ± 3.4 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 0.482 |
| Cognitive status, n (%) | 0.276 | |||
| Normal | 117 (57.4) | 21 (72.4) | 138 (59.2) | |
| MCI | 46 (22.5) | 5 (17.2) | 51 (21.9) | |
| ADD | 41 (20.1) | 3 (10.3) | 44 (18.9) | |
| Current or past treatment history for depressive symptoms, n (%) | 27 (13.2) | 8 (27.6) | 35 (15.0) | 0.043 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 94 (46.1) | 12 (41.4) | 106 (45.5) | 0.634 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (15.2) | 5 (17.2) | 36 (15.5) | 0.776 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 73 (35.8) | 13 (44.8) | 86 (36.9) | 0.345 |
| Current use of supplemental vitamin D or osteoporosis medication, n (%) | 17 (8.3) | 7 (24.1) | 24 (10.3) | 0.009 |
ADD, Alzheimer’s disease dementia; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; LTL, leukocyte telomere length; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; SD, standard deviation.