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. 2024 Aug 10;15:6845. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51352-3

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Experimental design in vivo. Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and their littermate controls (Nogo^f/f) received high glucose diet (HGD) for 10 weeks and were conducted the assays as scheduled. b Body weight of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice (n = 6 mice per group). c Fasted glucose levels of mice (n = 6). d Body weight gain of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice after 10 weeks on HGD (n = 6 mice per group). e Food consumption of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice (n = 6 mice per group). f–h Levels of GLP1, insulin and glucagon of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice (n = 6 mice per group). i OGTT and AUC analysis of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice (n = 6 mice per group). j GSIS and AUC analysis of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice (n = 6 mice per group). k Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for GLP1 (GLP1, green; DAPI, blue) of small intestine from HGD-fed Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice. White arrowheads indicate GLP1-positive signals. Quantification of results were expressed as the mean numbers of GLP1-positive cells in 5 high-power fields (HPFs) (n = 5 mice per group, right panel). l Representative images of immunofluorescence staining PCSK1 and proGCG (PCSK1, green; proGCG, red; DAPI, blue) of small intestine from HGD-fed Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice. a, b The intensity distribution of the marker scans in the boxed area shows the spatial distribution and fluorescence intensity of the different markers. Enhanced co-localization is indicated by the resemblance in shape of the intensity distribution curves and the increased number of overlaps. The experiment was conducted independently on three occasions. m The mRNA levels of GLP1R, INS1, and INS2 in the pancreas of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice after 10 weeks on HGD (n = 5 mice per group). n Islet images of Nogo^f/fVillin^Cre and Nogo^f/f mice after 10 weeks on HGD (glucagon, green; insulin, red; DAPI, blue). Analysis of β-cell or α-cell as the percentage of pancreatic cells (n = 5 mice per group, bottom panel). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. The p values were calculated by two-tailed Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.