Table 2.
Obstetric factors and constipation in parous women
| Constipation | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 1,994) | Yes (n = 649) | p value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | p value | ||
| Type of deliverya | |||||||
| Only caesarean section | 320 (81.0%) | 75 (19.0%) | 0.005 | Reference | 0.006 | Reference | |
| Only vaginal delivery | 1674 (74.5%) | 574 (25.5%) | 1.46 (1.12–1.91) | 1.47 (1.11–1.94) | 0.007 | ||
| Age, yearsb | 36.13 (SD 4.59) | 35.51 (SD 4.74) | 0.003 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.003 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index, continuousb | 25.00 (SD 5.04) | 25.14 (SD 4.59) | 0.552 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.552 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.751 |
| Disease that could influence defecationb | 0.138 | ||||||
| No | 1747 (75.9%) | 554 (24.1%) | Reference | 0.138 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 247 (72.2%) | 95 (27.8%) | 1.21 (0.94–1.57) | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | 0.912 | ||
| Medication for other comorbiditiesb | 0.003 | ||||||
| No | 1550 (76.7%) | 470 (23.3%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes | 431 (70.8%) | 178 (29.2%) | 1.36 (1.11–1.67) | 0.003 | 1.39 (1.11–1.75) | 0.005 | |
| Number of deliveriesb | 0.372 | ||||||
| 1 | 327 (73.0%) | 121 (27.0%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| 2 | 1105 (76.3%) | 344 (23.7%) | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 0.160 | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.283 | |
| ≥ 3 | 562 (75.3%) | 184 (24.7%) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | 0.369 | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | 0.624 | |
| Weight of heaviest infant, gramsb | 3639 (SD 635.97) | 3673 (SD 604.37) | 0.264 | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | 0.264 | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.340 |
| Duration of pushingb | 0.348 | ||||||
| < 1 h | 887 (75.2%) | 292 (24.8%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–2 h | 537 (74.8%) | 181 (25.2%) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.829 | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) | 0.918 | |
| > 2 h | 247 (71.4%) | 99 (28.6%) | 1.29 (0.93–1.59) | 0.150 | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 0.323 | |
| Use of forceps or vacuum extractionb | 0.264 | ||||||
| No | 1212 (75.2%) | 400 (24.8%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes | 460 (72.9%) | 171 (27.1%) | 1.13 (0.91–1.39) | 0.264 | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 0.551 | |
| Condition of the perineumb | 0.126 | ||||||
| Intact perineum | 680 (76.8%) | 205 (23.2%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Vaginal tear | 207 (70.6%) | 86 (29.4%) | 1.38 (1.03–1.85) | 0.034 | 1.39 (1.03–1.88) | 0.030 | |
| Episiotomy | 448 (74.2%) | 156 (25.8%) | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 0.239 | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 0.448 | |
| Combination | 334 (72.6%) | 126 (27.4%) | 1.25 (0.97–1.62) | 0.088 | 1.22 (0.92–1.61) | 0.175 | |
aMode of delivery in the multivariable analysis was adjusted for age, body mass index, medication for other comorbidities, disease that could influence defecation and number of deliveries
bThese variables were adjusted for age, body mass index, birthweight, duration of pushing, number of deliveries, condition of the perineum, use of forceps or vacuum extraction, diseases that could influence defecation and medication for other comorbidities