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. 2024 Aug 9;15:6617. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50394-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A The majority of central serotonin (5-HT) innervation originates from the dorsal raphe nucleus (lilac), and is found within areas of the brain strongly implicated in mood regulation and cognitive function: amygdala (AMY; yellow), hippocampus (HIP; purple), striatal structures (STRM; green), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; light blue) and the frontal lobe, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC; red). B Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and selective serotonin releasing agents (SSRA) both influence extracellular presynaptic serotonin concentrations, modulating downstream serotonergic activity, while the effects of SSRIs on synaptic 5-HT are delayed by autoreceptor hypersensitivity and may influence colocalised dopamine neurons. C 5-HT_1a ARs are clustered in the dorsal raphe nucleus and are endogenously sensitive to extracellular serotonin, and upon activation produce a negative feedback loop which inhibits upstream firing-dependent serotonin release. The original atlas meshes in panel A are credited to A. M. Winkler (Brain For Blender), which have been modified for illustrative purposes, released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Panels B and C were created with BioRender.com and released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en). AR autoreceptor; GPCR G protein-coupled receptor; LGICR Ligand-gated ion-channel receptors; MAO Monoamine oxidase, SERT serotonin transporter.