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. 2024 Aug 9;15:6810. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50910-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Heatmap showing H3K27ac enrichment patterns in different clusters of SE across NPC (n = 1), MBC (n = 3), B-lymphoma cell lines (n = 2), HMCLs (n = 9), and MM patient samples (n = 19). Each column represents a sample, which are color-coded by the corresponding sample group (NPC, MBC, B-lymphoma, HMCL, and primary MM). The clusters and the number of SEs specific to each cluster are indicated on the left. b GREAT analysis of genes linked to MM-associated enhancers, showing enriched pathway terms curated from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). P values were calculated using one-sided Fisher’s exact test and were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. c GO enrichment analysis of genes associated with acquired SEs in MM. Each GO category (BP, CC, MF) is shown. P values were calculated using one-sided Fisher’s exact test and were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. d Heatmaps illustrating the H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27ac and H3K36me3 ChIP-seq and RNA-seq patterns from the Blueprint database^34–37,54 at the candidate MM SE-associated genes (top panel) and MM-associated SEs (bottom panel) in patient-derived myeloma cells (n = 4) compared to NPCs (n = 2). RNA-seq data (FPKM) is available for three myeloma samples and one NPC sample only. Samples are organized by hierarchical clustering, with labels colored in gray and black highlighting MM patient and normal control samples, respectively. e Schematic representation of the workflow utilized to discover target genes driven by MM SEs and associated with potential clinical relevance. The number of samples or candidate genes is indicated in brackets. The nine prioritized candidate genes that have been characterized in MM are labeled in blue, and other genes are labeled in red. Figure 1 created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license. BP biological process, CC cellular component, MF molecular function.