Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants according to Campylobacter spp. detection in stool samples
| Symptomatic patients | Campylobacter’s status | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive N (%) | Negative N (%) | p-value* | |
| Gender ( n = 1,293)** | |||
| Male | 181 (25) | 535 (75) | 0.838 |
| Female | 143 (25) | 434 (75) | |
| Age groups (n = 1,295) | |||
| < 5 years | 308 (27) | 840 (73) | < 0.001* |
| 5–15 years | 6 (13) | 41 (87) | |
| > 15 years | 10 (10) | 90 (90) | |
| Water type (n = 1,295) | |||
| tap or mineral water | 84 (24) | 268 (76) | < 0.001* |
| Well water | 192 (30.5) | 437 (69.4) | |
| Other*** | 48 (15%) | 266 (85) | |
| Residency (n = 1,295) | |||
| Urban | 38 (12) | 277 (88) | < 0.001* |
| Rural | 286 (29) | 694 (71) | |
| Fever (n = 1,295) | |||
| Yes | 219 (22.5) | 752 (77.4) | < 0.001* |
| No | 105 (32.4) | 219 (67.6) | |
| Nausea or vomiting (n = 1,290)** | |||
| Yes | 111 (20) | 441 (80) | < 0.001* |
| No | 212 (29) | 526 (71) | |
| Diarrhea (n = 1,295) | |||
| Yes, with blood (dysentery) | 27 (26.4) | 75 (73.5) | 0.724 |
| Yes, without blood | 297 (25) | 896 (75) | |
| Weight loss (n = 1,281)** | |||
| Yes | 156 (25) | 462 (75) | 0.691 |
| No | 161 (24) | 502 (76) | |
| Comorbidities (n = 1,282)** | |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 15 (100) | 0.024* |
| No | 323 (25.5) | 944 (74.5) | |
| Rapid malaria test (n = 1,180)** | |||
| Negative | 255 (25) | 758 (75) | 0.074 |
| Positive | 53 (32) | 114 (68) | |
| Current hospitalisation (n = 1,291)** | |||
| Yes | 134 (20) | 541 (80) | < 0.001* |
| No | 189 (31) | 427 (69) | |
| Contact with animal (n = 1,295) | |||
| Yes | 133 (26) | 372 (74) | 0.382 |
| No | 191 (24) | 599 (76) | |
*p-value < 0.05 (Pearson χ2 test); **less than 1,295 mean that for some patients there were no information; ***all types of water, including river water and rainwater; Percentage (%) are calculated per row.