Table 1.
Studies analyzed, allostatic load parameters, and their relationship with occupational and psychosocial stress tests
| Author | Year | Biomarkers evaluated | Stress tests | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Langelaan et al. 12 | 2007 | SBP; DBP; BMI; CRP; HDL; HbA1C; glucose; cholesterol; WHR | MBI-GS | 290 |
| Bellingrath et al.16 | 2009 | C; E; NE; DHEA; WHR; HbA1c; HDL, cholesterol; SBP; DBP; TNF-a; CRP; fibrinogen; D-dimer; percent body fat, triglycerides; glucose | Effort-Reward Imbalance; Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire; MBI-EE | 104 |
| Näswall et al. 17 | 2012 | SBP; DBP; HR; WHR; lung function; HDL; LDL; HbA1C; salivary cortisol | Job Insecurity Score | 1,359 |
| Juster et al.18 | 2011 | C; DHEA-S; CRP; fibrinogen; insulin; Hb1AC; albumin; creatinine; amylase; HDL; total cholesterol; triglycerides; SBP; DBP; WHR | Trier Social Stress test; MBI-GS; The 22-item Beck Depression Inventory | 30 |
| Juster et al.19 | 2013 | DBP, SBP; HR variability; insulin; HDL; LDL; triglycerides; CRP; TNF-a; IL-6; BMI; WHR; C | JCQ; Beck Anxiety Inventory; DCS model | 199 |
| Ota et al. 20 | 2015 | C; DHEA | Effort-Reward Imbalance; | 115 |
| Dich et al. 21 | 2015 | SBP; DBP; BMI; insulin; glucose; HDL; LDL; triglycerides; CRP; IL-6. | Job Content Instrument | 7,007 |
| Hintsa et al.11 | 2016 | DBP, SBP; HDL; LDL; triglycerides; HB1AC; insulin; homocysteine; CRP; BMI; waist-height ratio; DHEA | MBI-GS; GHQ12; Beck Depression Inventory | 8,028 |
| Chandola & Zhang22 | 2018 | Insulin-like growth factor; creatinine; DHEA-S; fibrinogen, CRP, HDL; cholesterol; triglycerides, HbA1c, HR, SBP; DBP; WHR | Job Quality Interview | 244 |
| Coronado et al.23 | 2018 | Waist-height ratio; SBP; DBP; HbA1C; HDL; fibrinogen; triglycerides; # leukocytes; HR; C; insulin growth factor; PEF | Efort-Reward Imbalance | 2,663 |
| Rosemberg et al.24 | 2019 | SBP; DBP; BMI; HR; WHR; HDL; HbA1C; CRP; C | JCQ; SF-12 | 49 |
| D’Alonzo et al.25 | 2019 | SBP; DBP; BMI; WHR; cholesterol; HDL; HbA1C; triglycerides; CRP | PSS; HWSSS | 59 |
| Esser et al.26 | 2019 | TSH; CRP; leukocytes; triglycerides; LDL; HDL; homocysteine; creatinine; Hb1AC; DBP; DBP; HR; BMI | WAI | 151 |
| Peng et al.27 | 2021 | Clinimetric criteria, without biomarkers | Kelner Symptom Questionnaire; SSRS | 3,590 |
| Kerr et al. 28 | 2021 | C; DHPA; testosterone; estradiol; progesterone; CRP; IL-6; fibrinogen; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; albumin; triglycerides; HDL; LDL; Hb1AC; insulin; creatinine; BMI; WHR | Bem Sex Role Inventory; 26 Item JCQ; The 17-item Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work Questionnaire; Beck Depression Inventory II; MBI-GS; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Civilian Checklist | 218 |
| López-Pumar et al.29 | 2021 | SBP; DBP; BMI; WHR; leukocytes; glucose; creatinine; cholesterol; HDL; LDL | Stress Vulnerability Scale; Seppo Aro Stress Symptom Scale; Fuster-BEWAT score | 142 |
| Békési et al.30 | 2021 | Fava’s clinimetric approach, without biomarkers. | Kelner Symptom Questionnaire; PHS-WB | 228 |
The studies highlighted in bold describe no association between allostatic load and work stress or burnout (high allostatic load, with hypocortisolemia). BMI = body mass index; C = cortisol; CRP = C-reactive protein; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; DCS = Demand-Control-Support; DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA-S = dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate; E = epinephrin; GHQ12 = 12-item General Health Questionnaire; HbA1C = glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HR = heart rate; HWSSS = Hispanic Women’s Social Stressor Scale; IL-6 = interleukin 6; JCQ = Job Content Questionnaire; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; MBI-EE = Maslach Burnout Inventory Emotional Scale; MBI-GS = Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey; NE = norepinephrine; PEF = peak expiratory flow; PHSWB = Public Health Surveillance Well-being Scale; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SF-12 = 12-item Short Form Health Survey; SSRS = Social Support Rating Scale; TNF-a = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WAI = Work Ability Index; WHR = waist hip ratio.