Fig. 2. Types of offset projects and quality risks for offsets retired in 2020–2023.

a Relative share of offset credits organized into differing relative risk profiles defined by the Stockholm Environmental Institute and GHG Management Institute¹⁵. b Relative share of retired offset credits organised into project categories defined by the University of California Berkeley’s Voluntary Registry Offsets Database⁶⁴. c Breakdown of offset volumes sourced from forestry and land use projects. d Breakdown of offset volumes sourced from renewable energy projects. ‘Solar’ shows merged results for centralised and distributed solar. ‘Other’ shows merged results for geothermal and bundled.