Table 1:
Baseline characteristics—patients diagnosed with INS in childhood.
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 365) | SSNS [n = 252 (69%)] | PSRNS [n = 72 (20%)] | SSRNS [n = 15 (4%)] | INS, steroids not tried [n = 22 (6%)] | Denys–Drash syndrome [n = 3 (1%)] | INS, unknown response to steroids [n = 1 (<1%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Male | 201 (55) | 152 (60) | 31 (43) | 7 (47) | 8 (36) | 2 (67) | 1 (100) |
| Female | 164 (45) | 100 (40) | 41 (57) | 8 (53) | 14 (64) | 1 (33) | 0 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
| White | 223 (61) | 146 (58) | 52 (72) | 9 (60) | 12 (55) | 3 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Asian (Pakistani, Indian or Bangladeshi background) | 80 (22) | 59 (23) | 11 (15) | 5 (33) | 5 (23) | 0 | 0 |
| Black African, Black Caribbean or other Black background | 29 (8) | 24 (10) | 2 (3) | 1 (7) | 2 (9) | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed ethnicity | 22 (6) | 14 (6) | 6 (8) | 0 | 2 (9) | 0 | 0 |
| Other ethnicity | 4 (1) | 2 (<1) | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | 0 |
| Asian (Chinese or other Asian background) | 2 (<1) | 2 (<1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patient declined to answer | 5 (1) | 5 (2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| IMDQ (England), n (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 109 (32) | 82 (34) | 13 (20) | 2 (14) | 12 (60) | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 65 (19) | 44 (18) | 14 (22) | 5 (36) | 0 | 1 (33) | 1 (100) |
| 3 | 47 (14) | 29 (12) | 10 (15) | 2 (14) | 5 (25) | 1 (33) | 0 |
| 4 | 63 (18) | 45 (19) | 10 (15) | 4 (29) | 3 (15) | 1 (33) | 0 |
| 5 | 57 (17) | 38 (16) | 18 (28) | 1 (7) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 3 (2–7) | 4 (2–7) | 5.0 (2–9) | 2.0 (2–4) | 0 (0–3) | 1.0 (1–2) | 13 |
| Age at recruitment (years, median (IQR) | 12 (7–19) | 12 (7–21) | 12 (7–16) | 12 (9–16) | 12 (6–19) | 7 (4–12) | 64 |
| Dialysis at recruitment, n (%) | 8 (2) | 1 (<1) | 4 (6) | 2 (13) | 0 | 1 (33) | 0 |
| Kidney transplant at recruitment, n (%) | 30 (8) | 2 (<1) | 16 (22) | 1 (7) | 8 (36) | 2 (67) | 1 (100%) |
| Transplant recurrence prior to recruitment, n (%) | 9 (30) | 0 | 7 (44) | 1 (100) | 1 (13) | 0 | 0 |
| Renal biopsy performed, n (%) | 197 (54) | 103 (41) | 67 (93) | 13 (87) | 10 (45) | 3 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Histological diagnosis, n (%) | |||||||
| MCD | 97 (49) | 76 (74) | 15 (22) | 6 (46) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FSGS | 87 (44) | 25 (24) | 48 (72) | 7 (54) | 6 (60) | 0 | 1 (100) |
| Other | 13 (7) | 2 (2) | 4 (6) | 0 | 4 (40) | 3 (100) | 0 |
| Medications at recruitment, n (%) | |||||||
| Corticosteroids | 142 (39) | 100 (40) | 29 (40) | 6 (40) | 6 (27) | 0 | 1 (100) |
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 117 (32) | 67 (26) | 38 (53) | 5 (33) | 7 (32) | 0 | 0 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 76 (21) | 49 (19) | 21 (29) | 3 (20) | 3 (14) | 0 | 0 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 3 (<1) | 3 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Golimumab or adalimumab | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rituximab | 9 (3) | 8 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pazopanib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant or heparin | 10 (3) | 3 (1) | 4 (6) | 0 | 1 (5) | 1 (33) | 1 (100) |
| Antiplatelet | 12 (3.3) | 5 (2) | 4 (6) | 0 | 2 (9) | 0 | 1 (100) |
| Statin | 25 (6.8) | 12 (5) | 8 (11) | 1 (7) | 3 (14) | 0 | 1 (100) |
| Renin–angiotensin system inhibitor | 55 (15) | 28 (11) | 17 (24) | 2 (13) | 8 (36) | 0 | 0 |