Figure 8.

Three-dimensional spatial model of non-stimulated human atrial cardiomyocytes shows that AF-induced remodelling and ISO treatment promote tAPs and Ca²⁺ release events, which are ameliorated by CaMKII inhibition. The spatial cell model was pre-conditioned with same initial conditions (i.e. same ion channel states, local Ca²⁺ concentrations in each compartment, etc.) before switching on AF remodelling effects, and adding ISO or CaMKII inhibition treatment effects. (A) Simulated transversal line-scan of [Ca²⁺]_i in AF-remodelled human atrial cardiomyocytes showing effects of ISO treatment or CaMKII inhibition. (B) Membrane V_m of AF-remodelled cardiomyocytes and following treatments. (C) Characterization of SCR events in response to treatments measured with 13 transversal line scans spaced by 5.5 μm along the longitudinal axis. (i) Number of SCR incidence, (ii) mean [Ca²⁺]_i amplitude of SCR, and (iii) mean duration of SCR. Two-sample Student’s t-test was applied to perform statistical test. ***P < 0.001.