Table 1. Weighted Sample Characteristics of US Children and Adolescents, by Treated Asthma Status, 2016–2021a .
| Characteristic | Children without treated asthma, % | Children with treated asthma, % | Unweighted no. (%) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 25.4 | 27.0 | 15,447 (25.5) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 5.4 | 3.7 | 2,094 (5.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.2 | 21.8 | 7,026 (13.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 49.8 | 41.0 | 15,688 (49.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic Otherc | 6.2 | 6.7 | 2,607 (6.2) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| 0-4 | 27.1 | 14.8 | 10,303 (26.5) | <.001 |
| 5-14 | 55.2 | 66.1 | 24,977 (55.7) | |
| 15–17 | 17.7 | 19.1 | 7,582 (17.8) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 50.6 | 58.9 | 21,969 (51.0) | <.001 |
| Female | 49.4 | 41.1 | 20,893 (49.0) | |
| Health insurance coverage | ||||
| Any private | 60.6 | 50.4 | 19,955 (60.1) | <.001 |
| Public only | 36.6 | 48.1 | 21,508 (37.2) | |
| Uninsured | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1,399 (2.7) | |
| Family poverty statusd | ||||
| Negative or poore | 16.4 | 22.7 | 11,905 (16.7) | <.001 |
| Near poor | 5.5 | 7.4 | 2,996 (5.6) | |
| Low income | 15.0 | 18.0 | 7,294 (15.2) | |
| Middle income | 30.0 | 24.7 | 11,203 (29.7) | |
| High income | 33.1 | 27.2 | 9,464 (32.8) | |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 15.7 | 19.6 | 5,968 (15.9) | .002 |
| Midwest | 20.9 | 24.6 | 8,607 (21.1) | |
| South | 39.0 | 35.1 | 17,000 (38.8) | |
| West | 24.3 | 20.7 | 11,287 (24.2) | |
| Year | ||||
| 2016 | 16.7 | 18.4 | 9,211 (16.8) | <.001 |
| 2017 | 16.6 | 18.7 | 8,158 (16.7) | |
| 2018 | 16.6 | 19.1 | 7,449 (16.7) | |
| 2019 | 16.8 | 16.7 | 6,558 (16.8) | |
| 2020 | 16.6 | 14.2 | 5,929 (16.4) | |
| 2021 | 16.8 | 12.9 | 5,557 (16.6) | |
a Data source: 2016–2021 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. All estimates are pooled and weighted, adjusting for the complex survey design.
b Pearson χ2 test used to test differences.
c Includes American Indian, Alaska Native, and multiracial.
d Total family income is divided by the applicable federal poverty line based on family size and composition and classified as negative or poor (≤100%), near poor (>100%–125%), low income (>125%–200%), middle income (>200%–400%), or high income (>400%).
e Negative income is when an individual's total expenses exceed their total income.