Table 2. Multivariable Logistic Regression of Factors Influencing Children’s and Adolescents’ Treated Asthma Status^a .

Characteristic	Odds Ratio (95% CI) [P value]
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic	1.22 (1.01–1.48) [.04]
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.82 (0.52–1.30) [.40]
Non-Hispanic Black	1.78 (1.45–2.19) [<.001]
Non-Hispanic White	1 [Reference]
Non-Hispanic Otherb	1.29 (0.96–1.72) [.09]
Age, y
0–4	1 [Reference]
5–14	2.22 (1.83–2.68) [<.001]
15–17	2.05 (1.61–2.59) [<.001]
Sex
Male	1.40 (1.22–1.61) [<.001]
Female	1 [Reference]
Health insurance coverage
Any private	1 [Reference]
Public only	1.28 (1.06–1.54) [.01]
Uninsured	0.55 (0.32–0.96) [.04]
Family income
Negative or poorc	1.25 (0.96–1.62) [.10]
Near poor	1.24 (0.91–1.70) [.16]
Low income	1.17 (0.90–1.52) [.24]
Middle income	0.89 (0.73–1.09) [.26]
High income	1 [Reference]
Region
Midwest	1.51 (1.21–1.89) [<.001]
Northeast	1.47 (1.18–1.83) [.001]
West	1.03 (0.83–1.27) [.80]
South	1 [Reference]

^a Data source: 2016–2021 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. All estimates are pooled and weighted, adjusting for the complex survey design.

^b Includes American Indian, Alaska Native, and multiracial.

^c Negative income is when an individual’s total expenses exceed their total income.