Table 3.
AIWS and visual phenomena
| AIWS vs. no AIWS | p value* | Confounder | p value** | Missings° | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deformed vision 46 (37.4%) vs. 71 (11.3%) | No deformed vision 77 (62.6) vs. 558 (88.7%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 10 (7.5%) vs. 46 (6.8%) |
| Hallucination 35 (28.0%) vs. 45 (7.2%) | No Hallucination 90 (72.0) vs. 581 (92.8%) | < 0.001 | ‡ |
No aura: < 0.001 Aura: 0.22 |
8 (6.0%) vs. 49 (7.3%) |
| Fragmented vision 17 (13.7%) vs. 30 (4.8%) | No fragmented vision 107 (86.3) vs. 596 (95.2%) | < 0.01 | ‡ |
No aura: < 0.001 Aura: > 0.999 |
9 (6.8%) vs. 49 (7.3%) |
| Bright light 82 (64.6%) vs. 271 (43.9%) | No bright light 45 (35.4) vs. 345 (56.0%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 6 (4.5%) vs. 59 (8.7%) |
| Blurred vision 100 (79.4%) vs. 377 (59.0%) | No blurred vision 26 (20.6) vs. 262 (41.0%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 6 (4.5%) vs. 59 (8.7%) |
| Scotoma 51 (40.8%) vs. 138 (21.6%) | No scotoma 74 (59.2) vs. 500 (78.4%) | < 0.001 | ‡ |
No aura: < 0.001 Aura: > 0.999 |
8 (6.0%) vs. 37 (5.5%) |
| Scotomata 27 (21.8%) vs. 69 (11.1%) | No scotomata 97 (78.2%) vs. 551 (88.9%) | 0.03 | † | 0.44 | 9 (6.8%) vs. 55 (8.1%) |
| Small bright dots 85 (65.9%) vs. 288 (46.1%) | No small bright dots 44 (34.1) vs. 337 (53.9%) | < 0,001 | – | – | 4 (3.0%) vs. 50 (7.4%) |
| White dots 34 (27.6%) vs. 88 (14.3%) | No white dots 89 (72.4) vs. 526 (58.7%) | < 0,01 | ‡ |
No aura: < 0.001 Aura: > 0.999 |
10 (7.5%) vs. 61 (9.0%) |
| Geometrical shapes 25 (20.2%) vs. 62 (9.9%) | No geometrical shapes 99 (79.8) vs. 565 (90.1%) | 0.02 | † | 0.22 | 9 (6.8%) vs. 48 (7.1%) |
| Water oil 58 (47.5%) vs. 143 (23.0%) | No water oil 64 (52.5) vs. 480 (77.0%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 11 (8.3%) vs. 52 (7.7%) |
| Hemianopsia 35 (28.7%) vs. 94 (14.9%) | No hemianopsia 87 (71.3) vs. 535 (85.1%) | < 0.01 | – | – | 11 (8.3%) vs. 46 (6.8%) |
| Tunnel vision 49 (40.5%) vs. 81 (12.9%) | No tunnel vision 72 (59.5) vs. 548 (87.1%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 12 (9.0%) vs. 46 (6.8%) |
| Oscillopsia 62 (50.4%) vs. 160 (25.3%) | No oscillopsia 61 (49.6) vs. 472 (74.7%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 10 (7.5%) vs. 43 (6.4%) |
| Fragmented objects 20 (16.8%) vs. 40 (6.5%) | No fragmented objects 99 (83.2) vs. 574 (93.5%) | < 0.01 | † | 0.04 | 14 (10.5%) vs. 61 (9.0%) |
| Corona 39 (31.7%) vs. 63 (10.0%) | No corona 84 (68.3) vs. 564 (90.5%) | < 0.001 | – | – | 10 (7.5%) vs. 48 (7.1%) |
| Negative film 13 (10.5%) vs. 22 (3.5%) | No negative film 111 (89.5) vs. 604 (96.5%) | 0.02 | – | – | 9 (6.8%) vs. 49 (7.3%) |
*p values corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method; ** Adjusted p-values, stratified for confounding or effect modification, and corrected for multiple testing through the application of the Bonferroni method; ° "missing values" include participants who responded with "don’t know" or did not answer the question; † Aura identified as confounder in the logistic regression model; ‡ Aura identified as effect modifier in the logistic regression model