Table 1.
Overall demographic, target lesion and procedural characteristic.
| Demographics & targets characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), years | 63 (53–69) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Male | 78 (60.5) |
| Female | 51 (39.5) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Malay | 35 (27.1) |
| Non-Malay Natives | 37 (28.7) |
| Chinese | 49 (38.0) |
| Indian | 8 (6.2) |
| Admission, n (%) | |
| In-patient | 63 (48.8) |
| Out-patient | 66 (51.2) |
| Indication, n (%) | |
| Diagnostic | 90 (69.8) |
| Staging | 39 (30.2) |
| Target lesion, n (%) | |
| Lymph node | 113 (87.6) |
| Central lung mass | 16 (12.4) |
| Median target size (IQR), mm | |
| Lymph node | 17.0 (12.1–25.5) |
| Central lung mass | 17.0 (11.0–37.3) |
| Lymph node station, n (%) | |
| 2R | 1 (0.9) |
| 4R | 41 (36.3) |
| 10R | 4 (3.5) |
| 11Rs/11Ri | 18 (15.9) |
| 2L | 1 (0.9) |
| 4L | 3 (2.7) |
| 11L | 5 (4.4) |
| 7 | 40 (35.4) |
| Procedural characteristic | |
| Median overall procedural time (IQR), min | 55.0 (43.0–66.5) |
| Echobronchoscope, n (%) | |
| Fujifilm EB-530US | 52 (40.3) |
| Pentax EB1970-UK | 46 (35.7) |
| Olympus BF-UC180F | 4 (3.1) |
| Olympus BF-UC190F | 27 (20.9) |
| Airway access, n (%) | |
| Trans-oral | 44 (34.1) |
| Laryngeal Mask Airway | 69 (53.5) |
| Endotracheal Tube | 11 (8.5) |
| Rigid Bronchoscopy | 5 (3.9) |
| Rapid on-site examination, n (%) | 5 (3.9) |
| Methods for initial cryobiopsy tract creation, n (%) | |
| Up-front high-frequency needle knife | 8 (6.2) |
| 19-gauge TBNA needle | 13 (10.1) |
| 21-gauge TBNA needle | 18 (14.0) |
| 22-gauge TBNA needle | 87 (67.4) |
| 25-gauge TBNA needle | 3 (2.3) |
| Median TBNA pass (IQR), passes | 4 (4–5) |
| Cryoprobe placement, n (%) | |
| After TBNA needle only | 66 (51.2) |
| Needle knife up-front or assistance | 63 (48.8) |
| Median cryo-pass (IQR), passes | 4 (3–4) |
| Median total freezing time (IQR), seconds | 24.0 (18.0–32.0) |
| Median average freezing time per pass (IQR), seconds | 7.0 (5.5–9.3) |
| Overall diagnostic yield for EBUS, n (%) | 114 (88.4) |
| Overall short-term complication, n (%) | 20 (15.5) |
| Sedation related hypoventilation, n (%) | 10 (7.8) |
| Pneumothorax, n (%) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pneumomediastinum, n (%) | 1 (0.8) |
| Bleeding, n (%) | 9 (7.0) |
| Bleeding intervention, n | |
| Prolonged suction | 5 |
| Adrenaline-saline instillation | 1 |
| Switch bronchoscope | 3 |