Fig. 3. 3D position tracking of incoherent light source.
a Experiment setup to demonstrate position tracking of a LED. b, c The behaviors of focal spots at (SX, SY, SZ) = (0, 0, 15) mm and (SX, SY, SZ) = (8, 0, 70) mm, respectively. d, e Wavefronts reconstructed by the focal spot displacements, presented in (b, c), respectively. f, g Measured LED positions versus actual positions. The LED positions were determined by quadratic fitting of the reconstructed wavefronts. h Distribution of measured LED positions in the x–y plane (left) and x–z plane (right), respectively. The dotted grid represents the actual position of the LED. Note that the sensing area of meta SHWFS is much larger than that of conventional SHWFS