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. 2024 Jul 29;6(19):4956–4968. doi: 10.1039/d4na00234b

Percentage of Ce3+ and Ce4+ and concentration of oxygen vacancies from XPS/Raman spectra.

Samples Ce3+% Ce4+% A OL A OAds or AOV Oxygen vacancies AOAds/AOL Oxygen vacancies OV (%)
B1 60.06 39.90 5765.90 13 309.39 2.3082 3.2
B2 63.36 36.63 4281.31 20 443.73 4.7752 5.6
B3 56.56 43.43 3205.12 4730.96 1.476 2.8