Figure 2.

. Induction surgery. A, Fogarty catheter (FC) insertion through the opening of the perforated lamina into the epidural space. B, Balloon inflated with 1 mL of iohexol contrast agent until the epidural space was filled. C, The surgical site was sutured, the catheter was sealed to prevent leakage, and the balloon was left inflated. D, Six hours after the procedure, X-ray imaging was repeatedly performed to confirm whether the balloon was still inflated. The yellow circle shows the location of the inflated balloon catheter. Red labels indicate relevant vertebral levels.