Table 3.
Bacterial count (CFU/ml) on school environmental surfaces
| Category | Site | Group A (mean ± SD) | Group B (mean ± SD) | Group C (mean ± SD) | ANOVA F ratio | p value (α = 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 | ||||
| A. High-touch surfaces | 1. School gates (e.g., gate, door handles) | 1.00 ± 0.66 | 2.00 ± 2.58 | 38.4 ± 28.50 | 16.62 | < 0.01 |
| 2. Classroom doorknobs | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.80 ± 0.63 | 1.60 ± 2.36 | 3.20 | 0.06 | |
| B. Surfaces of daily necessaries | 3. Student desks (e.g., library, visual art room) | 77.00 ± 53.13 | 4.00 ± 4.59 | 3.60 ± 2.50 | 18.79 | < 0.01 |
| 4. Teacher desks (e.g., computer rooms, classrooms) | 9.00 ± 7.37 | 21.60 ± 12.42 | 196.00 ± 0.00 | 1568.51 | < 0.01 | |
| C. Toilets | 5. Female toilet faucets | 3.00 ± 4.83 | 200.00 ± 0.00 | 27.20 ± 29.41 | 389.77 | < 0.01 |
| 6. Male toilet compartment door handles | 28.00 ± 34.25 | 5.60 ± 2.45 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 5.58 | 0.01 | |
| D. Outside classroom | 7. Stair handrails from G/F to 1/F | 2.00 ± 3.49 | 1.20 ± 1.47 | 6.40 ± 4.78 | 6.30 | 0.01 |
| 8. Chairs (e.g., student chairs, corridor benches, hall benches) | 21.00 ± 12.86 | 106.00 ± 0.00 | 152.80 ± 8.85 | 549.00 | < 0.01 | |
| E. Common utensils | 9. Bookshelves | 5.00 ± 4.08 | 238.40 ± 156.03 | 75.60 ± 25.78 | 17.17 | < 0.01 |
| 10. Switches in communal areas (e.g., staff room, hall) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4.00 ± 3.16 | 5.20 ± 1.93 | 16.19 | < 0.01 |