Table 2.
Details of wearable devices used in post-cryptogenic stroke monitoring.
| Device name | Type | Description | Approval | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuubo System, Smart Solutions Technologies, Spain | External wearable | Two-lead ECG monitoring using textile electrode vest, wearable for up to 30 days. Optional inclusion of automatic AF and event detection algorithm | FDA approval, CE certification | Castrejon, 2022; Finocchi, 2019; Martinez Tomas, 2021, Spain; Pagola, 2021, Spain |
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| ER910AF Cardiac Event Monitor, Braemar, USA and Cardiac BioSystems | External wearable | Three-channel event-triggered recorder, worn on the chest with dry electrode non-adhesive belt | FDA approval, CE certification | Gladstone, 2014, Canada |
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| Beat2Phone, VitalSignum Oy, Finland | External wearable belt | ECG sensor attached to chest with flexible belt, mobile application and cloud service | Lumikari, 2020, Finland | |
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| CheckMe Pro, Viatom Technology Co., China | Handheld | Handheld recorder, cable-free recording of one-lead ECG | FDA approval, CE certification | Kulach, 2019, Poland |
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| Coala Heart Monitor, Coala Life, Sweden | Handheld | Smartphone powered, two-lead chest and thumb ECG system and stethoscope, algorithm-based real-time remote analysis | FDA approval, CE certification | Magnusson, 2018, Sweden |
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| Vitaphone, Vitaphone GmbH, Germany | MCT | One- or three-lead ECG monitoring with wireless transmission | FDA approval, CE certification | Bulkova, 2019 |
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| PocketECG, Medicalalgorithmics, Poland | MCT | Three-lead ECG monitoring with continuous online streaming of ECG for analysis | FDA approval, CE certification | Bulkova, 2019 |
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| Bittium Faros, Bittium Corporation, Finland | MCT | One- or three-lead ECG monitoring using ultra-small lightweight recorder | FDA approval, CE certification | Bulkova, 2019; Lumikari, 2019, Finland |
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| Policardiógrafo IP®, PoIP, Brazil | MCT | Ambulatory monitoring system with mobile data transmission | Sampaio, 2018, Brazil | |
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| CardioPAL SAVI, Medicomp, Inc, USA | MCT | 30-day auto-triggering event monitor, analysis via algorithm | FDA approval, CE certification | Flint, 2012, USA |
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| Lifestar ACT ambulatory cardiac telemetry, Lifestar AF Express autodetect looping monitor, Lifewatch, Switzerland | MCT | One-lead automatic event-triggered recorder up to 30 days, automatic data transmission via smartphone | FDA approval | Kalani, 2015, USA |
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| Cardiomedix cardiac event monitor, Cardiomedix, USA | MCT | Digital loop recorder with detection algorithms for automatic rhythm detection, automatic transmission wirelessly or transtelephonically | FDA approval | Kalani, 2015, USA |
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| CardioNet®, CardioNet, USA | MCT | Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring, data sent via wireless transmission to smartphone, real-time transmission to CardioNet laboratory for analysis | FDA approval, CE certification | Miller, 2013, USA; Tayal, 2008, USA |
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| Zio® Patch, iRhythm Technologies, USA | Patch | Single-use patch monitor for up to 14 days, analysed by machine learning algorithm | FDA approval, CE certification | Lang, 2022, UK; Khan, 2020, USA |
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| FibriCheck®, Belgium | PPG | Smartphone application that utilises PPG to detect signs of AF using phone camera | FDA approval, CE certification | Wouters, 2022, Belgium |
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| Apple Watch | Smartwatch | Automatic algorithm to detect irregularities in pulse using optical sensor PPG | FDA approval, CE certification | Patel, 2021, USA |
AF: atrial fibrillation, CE: Conformité Européene, ECG: electrocardiogram, FDA: US Food and Drug Administration, MCT: mobile cardiac telemetry, PPG: photoplethysmography