Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Resveratrol n = 71 |
Placebo n = 71 |
Total n = 142 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.8 (8.9) | 63.0 (10.1) | 61.4 (9.6) |
| Women, n (%) | 50 (70) | 51 (72) | 101 (71) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.3 (6.7; n = 70) | 28.3 (5.6) | 28.3 (6.2; n = 141) |
| Higher education, n (%) | 47/71 (66) | 48/71 (68) | 95/142 (67) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
| • Full- or part-time employment | 39 (55) | 33 (47) | 72 (51) |
| • Sick leave | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) |
| • Unable to work | 1 (1) | 3 (4) | 4 (3) |
| • Retired | 28 (39) | 35 (49) | 63 (44) |
| Treatments in the previous 3 months, n (%) | |||
| • Intra-articular corticoids and/or hyaluronan | 13/70 (19) | 7/70 (10) | 20/140 (14) |
| • Non-opioid oral analgesics | 40/68 (59) | 46/69 (67) | 86/137 (63) |
| • Weak opioid oral analgesics* | 14/64 (22) | 20/67 (30) | 34/131 (26) |
| • Strong opioid oral analgesic* | 1/61 (2) | 1/63 (2) | 2/124 (2) |
| • Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 32/70 (46) | 29/70 (31) | 61/140 (44) |
| • Symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis | 11/70 (16) | 8/70 (11) | 19/140 (14) |
| • Physiotherapy | 20 (28) | 26 (37) | 46 (32) |
| • Home-based exercises | 27 (38) | 31 (44) | 58 (41) |
| • Foot insoles | 32 (45) | 32 (45) | 64 (45) |
| • Knee brace | 17 (24) | 15 (21) | 32 (23) |
| • Walking aids | 9 (13) | 4 (6) | 13 (9) |
| • Weight management | 30 (42) | 22 (31) | 52 (37) |
| Clinical characteristics, mean (SD) | |||
| • Knee pain intensity (NRS, 0–100)§ | 56.9 (14.0) | 55.5 (13.1) | 56.2 (13.5) |
| • Knee pain duration (years) | 8.2 (7.6; n = 70) | 8.9 (8.7) | 8.5 (8.2; n = 141) |
| • WOMAC function subscore (0–68)|| | 44.1 (16.0) | 44.4 (16.9) | 44.2 (16.4) |
| • Patient global assessment\(NRS, 0–100)¶ | 69.2 (20.1) | 63.0 (22.0) | 66.1 (21.2) |
| X-ray findings in medial or lateral femorotibial or patellofemoral, n (%) | |||
| • Maximal KL grade 1 | 13 (18) | 11 (16) | 24 (17) |
| • Maximal KL grade 2 | 22 (31) | 23 (32) | 45 (32) |
| • Maximal KL grade 3 | 36 (51) | 37 (52) | 73 (51) |
*Weak opioids include codeine, dihydrocodeine, and tramadol. Strong opioids include morphine, diamorphine, fentanyl, buprenorphine, oxymorphone, oxycodone, and hydromorphone.
§Higher scores indicate greater pain.
||Higher scores indicate more limitations.
¶Higher scores indicate better health.
n = 71 per group unless indicated otherwise.
KL, Kellgren and Lawrence; NRS, numeric rating scale; SD, standard deviation; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.