Figure 2.

Illustration of commonly used techniques for EV preparation. These techniques include a) ultracentrifugation, which leverages high‐speed centrifugal forces; b) density gradient centrifugation, which separates EVs based on their buoyancy; c) size‐exclusion chromatography, for isolating EVs by size; d) ultrafiltration, a method that uses membrane filters for size‐based separation; e) immunomagnetic separation, which targets specific EV markers with magnetic beads; f) polymer precipitation, where polymers are used to precipitate EVs out of solution; g) microfluidics platforms, offering precise manipulation of fluids to isolate EVs; h) asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation, which separates particles based on their hydrodynamic size in a flow; i) anion exchange chromatography, which isolates EVs based on charge differences.