Table 1.

Overview of advanced techniques for EV preparation.

Method	Sample Types	Target Disease	Results	Specifics	Reference
3D‐Nanostructured microfluidic	Cell culture and urine	Breast cancer	Capture efficiency: ≈97.7%	Fluid mixing enhancement and boundary effect reduction	[166]
Immuno‐magnetophoresis‐based microfluidic	Cell culture and urine	NA	Separation efficiency: 90.9%	Magnetic nanocluster magnetization‐based EVs sorting	[167]
Digital microfluidic platform	Plasma and cell culture supernatant	Non‐small cell lung cancer	Isolation efficiency: 77%	Reusable chip and automated sample processing in 20–30 min	[168]
Immunoinertial microfluidic	Cell culture supernatant	NA	Efficiency: > 90%	High‐throughput for isolation of small EV subpopulations	[169]
Metallic nanostructure arrays microfluidic	Cell culture supernatant	NA	Recovery rate: 95.3%	EV release induced by cyclic voltammetry operations	[170]
3D porous sponge microfluidic chip	Cell culture supernatant and serum	Colorectal cancer	Capture efficiency: ≈90%	High surface‐to‐volume ratio, and enhance mass transfer	[171]
Microsphere‐coated 3D porous chip	Cell culture supernatant and plasma	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Detection limit of as low as 10 000 particles/mL−1	Large surface area and fluid boundary effects reduction	[172]
Magnetic‐nanowaxberry‐based microfluidic	Cell medium and plasma	Lung cancer	Recovery rate: > 83%	Irregular serpentine microchannels to increase fluid chaotic mixing	[173]
Nanowire‐based well plate	Organoid medium and glioblastoma patient urine	Glioblastoma	Captured particles: 3.75 × 106 in 0.3 mL	A nanowire‐integrated system for EV capture through charge interactions	[176]
DNA nanotechnology	Serum	Human breast cancer	Separation efficiency: 8 × 107 EVs per 50 µL	Nondestructively released	[177]
Acoustofluidics	Whole blood	NA	Purity: 98.4%	An integrated chip for EV isolation from undiluted whole blood	[181]
Electrothermal fluid /dielectrophoresis	Rabbit blood serum	NA	Recovery rate: 75.4 ± 3.3%	Device functional in high‐conductivity environment	[184]
Deterministic lateral displacement arrays	Serum and urine	Prostate cancer	Yield: ≈50%	High fluid throughput	[186]
Viscoelastic microfluidic	Human blood	Cancer	Recovery rate: 87%; Purity: 97%	Device combines dual functions in a single structure	[189]
Magnetic separation system	Cell culture supernatant	NA	Recovery rate: 85.8%; Purity: 80.45%	Ultra‐high gradient magnetic field module on‐chip	[191]