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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Urol. 2023 Apr 25;210(1):54–63. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003492

Table 2:

Available Biomarker Assays

Test Biomarker Component Clinical Variable Biopsy Population
Serum
4Kscore PSA, fPSA, iPSA, hK2 Age, prior biopsy status, DRE (optional) Initial biopsy

Repeat biopsy
IsoPSA* All PSA isoforms None Not specified
Proclarix THBS1, CTSD, PSA, fPSA Age, prostate volume (optional) Mixed
PHI p2PSA, fPSA, PSA None Initial biopsy

Repeat biopsy
STHLM-3 232 genetic polymorphisms (SNPs), PSA, fPSA, iPSA, hK2, MSMB, MIC1 Age, family history, previous biopsy, DRE (optional) Mixed
Post-DRE Urine
PCA3 PCA3 Some studies add age, PSA, prostate volume Initial biopsy

Repeat biopsy
MPS PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG, PSA None Initial biopsy

Repeat biopsy
SelectMDx HOXC6, DLX1 mRNA Age, PSA, prostate volume, DRE Initial biopsy
TMPRSS2:ERG TMPRSS2:ERG None Initial biopsy
Urine
ExoDx Prostate Intelliscore PCA3, ERG, SPDEF mRNA None Initial biopsy

Repeat biopsy
MiR Sentinel Small non-coding RNAs None Mixed
Tissue
Confirm MDx Hypermethylation of GSTP1, APC, RASSF1 None Repeat biopsy

(Abbreviations: DRE, digital rectal exam; fPSA, free PSA; iPSA, intact PSA; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.)

*

IsoPSA was not included in the initial literature search; however, it was identified on a secondary targeted search and included here for completeness.

Note: Please see Supplementary References for references to these assays