. 2024 Jul 31;15:1404518. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404518

Table 2.

Comparison between long- and short-training groups (n = 119).

				Long				Short		Long vs short
		n	%	Mean	SD	n	%	Mean	SD	p value
Age (years)		60		48.9	8.47	59		45.7	10.89	0.07^a
Sex	Male	34	56.7			42	71.2			0.10^b
	Female	26	43.3			17	28.8
	Other	0	0			0	0
Employment status
	Full-time worker	50	83.3			43	72.9			0.37^b
	Part-time worker	9	15.0			12	20.3
Employment position										0.72^b
	Manager	16	27.1			15	26.8
	Non-manager
	Analyst/specialist	11	18.6			8	14.3
	Sales representative	2	3.4			0	0.0
	Technician/engineer	12	20.3			12	21.4
	Administrative assistant	14	23.7			15	26.8
	Others	4	6.8			6	10.7
Sleep difficulties (AIS)
	≥6	27	45.0			21	35.6			0.37^b
	≤5	33	55.0			36	61.0
Physical disease treatment status
	Under treatment	13	21.7			9	15.3			0.37^b
	Not treated	46	76.7			49	83.1
Mental illness treatment status
	Under treatment	1	1.7			2	3.4			0.55^b
	Not treated	58	96.7			56	94.9
Depression tendency (K6)
	≥5	22	36.7			19	32.2			0.71^b
	≤4	38	63.3			38	64.4
ADHD tendency
(ASRS v.1.1 part A)	+	8	13.3			6	10.2			0.67^b
	−	51	85.0			49	83.1
Autistic traits (AQ-J)
	≥7	5	8.3			3	5.1			0.53^b
	≤6	54	90.0			52	88.1
Intrinsic Motivation (IMI)		57				42
	Interest/enjoyment			26.8	6.23			23.9	6.61	0.03^a
	Perceived choice			35.3	7.01			33.0	7.71	0.12^a
	Value/usefulness			32.0	9.19			27.8	10.28	0.04^a
	Total			94.1	18.58			84.7	21.07	0.02^a

SD, standard deviation; AIS, Athens Insomnia Scale; K6, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; ASRS, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 part A; AQ-J, Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Japanese version; IMI, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory.

^a Student’s t-test.

^b Pearson’s chi-square test.