Table 3.
Longitudinal change in cognitive function/work performance and comparison of changes between long and short training time groups.
| Baseline | 12 weeks later | 24 weeks later | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean1 | SD2 | Mean1 | SD2 | Mean1 | SD2 | p value | |
| Spotter (msec) | ||||||||
| Short group | 42 | 465.9 | 1.22 | 470.1 | 1.23 | 0.73 | ||
| 37 | 469.1 | 1.23 | 447.6 | 1.21 | <0.05 | |||
| Long group | 53 | 519.1 | 1.25 | 462.7 | 1.23 | <0.05 | ||
| 50 | 515.7 | 1.24 | 477.1 | 1.22 | <0.05 | |||
| p value | a | 0.05 | 0.73 | 0.15 | ||||
| b | <0.05 | 0.38 | ||||||
| Symbol check (number) | ||||||||
| Short group | 41 | 28.8 | 1.74 | 30.6 | 1.58 | 0.44 | ||
| 36 | 29.1 | 1.74 | 34.2 | 1.32 | <0.05 | |||
| Long group | 53 | 31.1 | 1.51 | 33.5 | 1.32 | 0.17 | ||
| 50 | 31.0 | 1.53 | 34.3 | 1.38 | 0.08 | |||
| p value | a | 0.93 | 0.44 | 1.00 | ||||
| b | 0.67 | 0.57 | ||||||
| Codebreaker (number) | ||||||||
| Short group | 42 | 61.8 | 13.4 | 69.1 | 12.2 | <0.05 | ||
| 37 | 60.3 | 12.9 | 72.5 | 13.3 | <0.05 | |||
| Long group | 53 | 64.4 | 10.6 | 65.5 | 17.2 | 0.69 | ||
| 50 | 64.8 | 10.6 | 69.2 | 14.0 | 0.08 | |||
| p value | a | 0.61 | 0.24 | 0.15 | ||||
| b | 0.11 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Trails (sec) | ||||||||
| Short group | 42 | 22.5 | 1.48 | 20.1 | 1.45 | <0.05 | ||
| 37 | 23.1 | 1.47 | 20.7 | 1.43 | 0.06 | |||
| Long group | 53 | 23.0 | 1.38 | 21.3 | 1.41 | 0.05 | ||
| 50 | 23.1 | 1.38 | 20.5 | 1.39 | <0.05 | |||
| p value | a | 0.31 | 0.49 | 0.91 | ||||
| b | 0.88 | 0.52 | ||||||
| PDQ-5D (point) | ||||||||
| Short group | 42 | 4.0 | 1.90 | 4.2 | 1.87 | 0.53 | ||
| 37 | 4.2 | 1.86 | 4.0 | 1.99 | 0.63 | |||
| Long group | 53 | 4.3 | 1.91 | 3.9 | 1.92 | <0.05 | ||
| 50 | 4.4 | 1.91 | 3.9 | 2.00 | 0.15 | |||
| p value | a | 0.34 | 0.77 | 1.00 | ||||
| b | 0.14 | 0.51 | ||||||
| Work performance | ||||||||
| Short group | 42 | 78.5 | 15.12 | 76.5 | 17.96 | 0.43 | ||
| 36 | 78.2 | 15.68 | 78.8 | 17.78 | 0.25 | |||
| Long group | 56 | 84.3 | 14.06 | 78.8 | 12.43 | <0.05 | ||
| 50 | 84.4 | 14.70 | 80.9 | 14.27 | 0.08 | |||
| p value | a | <0.05 | 0.49 | 0.54 | ||||
| b | 0.27 | 0.25 | ||||||
1Geometric mean (Spotter, Symbol check, Trails, and PDQ) and arithmetic mean (Code breaker).
2Geometric standard deviation (Spotter, Symbol check, Trails, and PDQ) and standard deviation (Code breaker).
Spotter (Choice Reaction Time) = mean latency for correct response.
Symbol check (N-back) = total number of correct responses.
Codebreaker (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) = total number of correct responses.
Trails (Trail Making Test) = total time taken for completion.
PDQ-5D (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5 item) = total score (points).
at-test for cross-sectional mean level.
bt-test for the change from the baseline value.