. 2024 Jul 31;12:1439078. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1439078

Table 3.

Interrupted time series analysis results on PED attendance rates for Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions, Injury and Poisoning, Diseases of the Respiratory System and Mental Disorders.

	Symptoms, signs and Ill-defined conditions			Injury and poisoning			Diseases of the respiratory system			Mental disorders
	IRR	95%CI	p-value	IRR	95%CI	p-value	IRR	95%CI	p-value	IRR	95%CI	p-value
Level change^a
SC vs. PC	0.18	0.11–0.28	<0.001	0.24	0.16–0.37	<0.001	0.06	0.02–0.21	<0.001	0.28	0.18–0.43	<0.001
MM vs. PC	0.36	0.28–0.45	<0.001	0.61	0.48–0.78	<0.001	0.17	0.10–0.28	<0.001	0.65	0.52–0.82	<0.001
MM vs. SC	2.02	1.24–3.32	0.005	2.52	1.59–4.00	<0.001	2.61	0.74–9.26	0.137	2.32	1.48–3.65	<0.001
Slope change^b
SC vs. PC	1.20	1.09–1.31	<0.001	1.21	1.11–1.31	<0.001	1.36	1.09–1.72	0.008	1.18	1.09–1.28	<0.001
MM vs. PC	1.04	1.02–1.06	<0.001	1.03	1.01–1.05	0.014	1.10	1.06–1.14	<0.001	1.03	1.01–1.04	0.004
MM vs. SC	0.87	0.79–0.96	0.005	0.85	0.78–0.92	<0.001	0.80	0.64–1.01	0.065	0.87	0.80–0.95	0.001
Time trend^c	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.414	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.669	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.688	1.01	1.00–1.01	0.005
Season
Summer	1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00
Winter	1.28	1.13–1.44	<0.001	0.70	0.62–0.80	<0.001	1.84	1.44–2.33	<0.001	0.89	0.78–1.01	0.074
Spring	1.20	1.06–1.36	0.004	1.08	0.96–1.21	0.186	1.35	1.04–1.74	0.023	0.99	0.87–1.13	0.868
Autumn	1.29	1.14–1.45	<0.001	0.75	0.66–0.85	<0.001	1.88	1.48–2.39	<0.001	0.86	0.76–0.98	0.026

^a Level change refers to an abrupt level change of the Incidence rate between the phases; ^b Slope change refers to slope change of the incidence rate over time between the phases; ^c Time trend refers to the change of Incidence rate associated with a time unit increase. PED, Pediatric Emergency Department; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PC, Pre-COVID19 phase; SC, School closure phase; MM, Mitigation Measures phase; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval. Pseudo R² = 0.84 for Signs and Ill-defined Conditions, 0.77 for Injury & Poisoning model, 0.78 for Diseases of the Respiratory System model; 0.30 for Mental Disorders. MM vs. SC contrasts were manually added for interpretative purposes without p-value adjustment for multiple comparison.