Table 3.
Change of adiposity markers during follow-up by use of antidepressant class prior to baseline and during follow-up.
| Change in adiposity markers during follow-up | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude change | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | βa | (95%CI) | β | (95%CI) | β | (95%CI) | β | (95%CI) | |
| Body Mass Index [kg/m2] (n = 2462) | |||||||||
| Antidepressants prior to baseline | |||||||||
| TCA | 0.4 (1.9) | −0.25 | (−0.58, 0.09) | −0.44* | (−0.80, −0.07) | −0.49** | (−0.85, −0.13) | −0.49** | (−0.85, −0.13) |
| SSRI | 0.6 (2.3) | 0.06 | (−0.13, 0.24) | −0.15 | (−0.35, 0.06) | −0.27* | (−0.48, −0.06) | −0.25* | (−0.46, −0.04) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 1.2 (2.5) | −0.06 | (−0.65, 0.52) | −0.06 | (−0.65, 0.54) | −0.12 | (−0.72, 0.47) | −0.13 | (−0.72, 0.47) |
| Otherb | 1.0 (2.2) | −0.01 | (−0.46, 0.44) | −0.22 | (−0.70, 0.26) | −0.30 | (−0.78, 0.18) | −0.27 | (−0.76, 0.21) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 0.6 (1.7) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — |
| Antidepressants during follow-up | |||||||||
| TCA | 1.0 (1.9) | 0.32 | (−0.08, 0.72) | 0.44* | (0.01, 0.87) | 0.36 | (−0.07, 0.79) | 0.35 | (−0.08, 0.77) |
| SSRI | 1.0 (2.1) | 0.36*** | (0.18, 0.55) | 0.42*** | (0.21, 0.62) | 0.36*** | (0.15, 0.57) | 0.34** | (0.13, 0.56) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 0.4 (3.1) | −0.14 | (−0.56, 0.28) | −0.08 | (−0.51, 0.35) | −0.07 | (−0.50, 0.36) | −0.10 | (−0.53, 0.33) |
| Otherb | 0.9 (1.9) | 0.16 | (−0.16, 0.48) | 0.31 | (−0.05, 0.66) | 0.26 | (−0.09, 0.62) | 0.22 | (−0.15, 0.58) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 0.6 (1.7) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — |
| Waist circumference [cm] (n = 2475) | |||||||||
| Antidepressants prior to baseline | |||||||||
| TCA | 4.1 (8.0) | 0.46 | (−0.97, 1.89) | −0.35 | (−1.86, 1.17) | −0.25 | (−1.77, 1.27) | −0.26 | (−1.79, 1.26) |
| SSRI | 3.4 (7.4) | 0.04 | (−0.74, 0.83) | −0.71 | (−1.59, 0.16) | −1.02* | (−1.91, −0.12) | −0.97* | (−1.87, −0.08) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 2.9 (8.0) | −0.96 | (−3.47, 1.55) | −1.14 | (−3.68, 1.40) | −1.56 | (−4.10, 0.98) | −1.84 | (−4.40, 0.72) |
| Otherb | 4.2 (6.5) | 0.72 | (−1.20, 2.64) | −0.23 | (−2.29, 1.83) | −0.35 | (−2.41, 1.72) | −0.16 | (−2.23, 1.91) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 3.4 (6.6) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — |
| Antidepressants during follow-up | |||||||||
| TCA | 6.2 (6.5) | 2.42** | (0.73, 4.12) | 2.52** | (0.72, 4.32) | 2.28* | (0.48, 4.09) | 2.16* | (0.36, 3.97) |
| SSRI | 4.7 (7.3) | 1.13** | (0.34, 1.91) | 1.36** | (0.48, 2.24) | 1.20** | (0.29, 2.10) | 1.12* | (0.19, 2.04) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 2.7 (8.4) | −0.28 | (−2.07, 1.52) | −0.05 | (−1.87, 1.78) | −0.05 | (−1.89, 1.79) | −0.12 | (−1.97, 1.73) |
| Otherb | 5.3 (6.6) | 0.95 | (−0.43, 2.34) | 1.31 | (−0.20, 2.81) | 1.16 | (−0.36, 2.68) | 1.00 | (−0.54, 2.55) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 3.2 (6.6) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | – | 0 (ref.) | — |
| Fat mass [%] (n = 2079) | |||||||||
| Antidepressants prior to baseline | |||||||||
| TCA | 1.4 (5.7) | −0.12 | (−1.12, 0.88) | 0.13 | (−0.94, 1.20) | 0.03 | (−1.05, 1.10) | 0.08 | (−1.00, 1.17) |
| SSRI | 2.2 (6.3) | 0.43 | (−0.12, 0.98) | 0.23 | (−0.38, 0.84) | 0.06 | (−0.56, 0.69) | 0.12 | (−0.51, 0.75) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 0.8 (6.3) | −0.43 | (−2.29, 1.43) | −0.28 | (−2.15, 1.60) | −0.35 | (−2.23, 1.53) | −0.37 | (−2.26, 1.52) |
| Otherb | 2.2 (4.9) | −0.86 | (−2.15, 0.44) | −0.86 | (−2.26, 0.54) | −1.01 | (−2.41, 0.40) | −0.95 | (−2.37, 0.47) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 2.2 (5.7) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — |
| Antidepressants during follow-up | |||||||||
| TCA | 2.4 (6.1) | −0.27 | (−1.42, 0.89) | −0.52 | (−1.77, 0.72) | −0.65 | (−1.89, 0.60) | −0.69 | (−1.94, 0.57) |
| SSRI | 2.7 (6.0) | 0.89** | (0.32, 1.46) | 0.73* | (0.10, 1.36) | 0.70* | (0.05, 1.35) | 0.61 | (−0.05, 1.28) |
| Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 2.5 (5.4) | −0.15 | (−1.47, 1.17) | 0.04 | (−1.29, 1.37) | 0.21 | (−1.13, 1.55) | 0.08 | (−1.27, 1.43) |
| Otherb | 2.0 (4.0) | −0.52 | (−1.45, 0.40) | −0.21 | (−1.22, 0.80) | −0.35 | (−1.38, 0.67) | −0.47 | (−1.52, 0.58) |
| No antidepressants (ref.) | 2.1 (5.7) | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — | 0 (ref.) | — |
Model 1 adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, socio-economic status, living alone during follow-up), early physical and sexual abuse, adiposity marker levels at baseline, behavioral factors (physical inactivity, smoking status, number of drinks per week) during follow-up, anxiety disorders and illicit drug dependence during follow-up, possibly weight gain inducing medication (other than antidepressants) during follow-up, and length of follow-up.
Model 2 = model 1 additionally adjusted for major depressive disorder (MDD) subtypes at baseline and during follow-up and current vs. remitted MDD status at follow-up.
Model 3 = model 2 additionally adjusted for severity during follow-up (number of symptoms of most severe major depressive episode (MDE), time spent in MDE, global assessment functioning (GAF) score, suicidality, hospitalization, psychotic features), and relatives with MDD.
TCA Tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, SD standard deviation, 95%CI 95% confidence interval. ref. reference group.
aEach model adjusted for age, sex and adiposity marker at baseline.
bSNRI (Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors)/NDRI (Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors)/MAOI(Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors).
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Significant results are indicated in bold.