Figure 2. The 26S proteasome complex.

A complete 26S proteasome complex consists of a 20S catalytic core surrounded by two 19S regulatory caps. The core consists of two outer rings of alpha subunits surrounding two inner rings of beta subunits, the latter of which possess the catalytic function of the entire 26S complex. The 19S caps contain a variety of deubiquitination and other ATP-independent regulatory subunits, called RPNs, and the only six ATPase subunits of the proteasome, called RPTs.