Table 2.
Association between the moderate-to-high cardiovascular health and all-cause mortality risk in patients with OA
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 [a] | Model 3 [a] | Model 2 [b] | Model 3 [b] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age | 1.10 (1.07—1.13) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | Ref | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Male | 1.22 (0.87–1.71) | 0.236 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Mexican American | Ref | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.06 (0.47–2.38) | 0.889 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.25 (0.68–2.32) | 0.470 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Other Hispanic | 1.24 (0.42–3.65) | 0.694 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 0.68 (0.26–1.78) | 0.429 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Education level | ||||||||||
| Less Than 9th Grade | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 9-11th Grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma) | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) | 0.251 | 1.22 (0.64–2.33) | 0.533 | 1.04 (0.57–1.91) | 0.900 | 1.27 (0.65–2.45) | 0.478 | 1.06 (0.57–2.00) | 0.845 |
| High School Grade/GED or Equivalent | 0.40 (0.20–0.79) | 0.009 | 0.92 (0.42–2.01) | 0.841 | 0.84 (0.41–1.73) | 0.633 | 0.97 (0.45–2.10) | 0.939 | 0.88 (0.43–1.79) | 0.717 |
| Some College or AA degree | 0.43 (0.26–0.70) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (0.60–2.07) | 0.720 | 0.99 (0.53–1.88) | 0.997 | 1.19 (0.64–2.22) | 0.584 | 1.05 (0.56–1.99) | 0.875 |
| College Graduate or above | 0.35 (0.21–0.58) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (0.55–1.97) | 0.893 | 1.03 (0.54–1.96) | 0.921 | 1.17 (0.62–2.20) | 0.621 | 1.14 (0.60–2.15) | 0.686 |
| PIR | ||||||||||
| ≤ 1.85 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| > 1.85 | 0.66 (0.48–0.91) | 0.013 | 0.89 (0.58–1.37) | 0.593 | 0.92 (0.59–1.46) | 0.731 | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | 0.670 | 0.94 (0.60–1.48) | 0.799 |
| Unknown | 1.15 (0.65–2.06) | 0.623 | 1.31 (0.75–2.30) | 0.343 | 1.35 (0.76–2.39) | 0.304 | 1.35 (0.77–2.37) | 0.291 | 1.38 (0.78–2.44) | 0.264 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||
| Married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Unmarried | 2.25 (1.53–3.32) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (1.04–2.46) | 0.034 | 1.63 (1.06–2.53) | 0.028 | 1.57 (1.01–2.43) | 0.043 | 1.61 (1.04–2.49) | 0.034 |
| Cancer | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | / | / | Ref | / | / | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.67 (1.13–2.46) | 0.010 | / | / | 1.10 (0.78–1.56) | 0.576 | / | / | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | 0.746 |
| Drinking | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Yes | 0.81 (0.54–1.22) | 0.306 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Fracture | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | / | / | Ref | / | / | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.96 (1.13–3.40) | 0.017 | / | / | 1.64 (0.98–2.74) | 0.061 | / | / | 1.61 (0.98–2.67) | 0.062 |
| Unknown | 1.33 (0.87–2.02) | 0.186 | / | / | 1.37 (0.88–2.11) | 0.157 | / | / | 1.37 (0.89–2.12) | 0.150 |
| CVD | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | / | / | Ref | / | / | Ref | |||
| Yes | 3.02 (2.10–4.33) | < 0.001 | / | / | 1.64 (1.13–2.39) | 0.010 | / | / | 1.62 (1.12–2.35) | 0.010 |
| Duration of OA | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.013 | / | / | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.655 | / | / | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.632 |
| Energy | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.041 | / | / | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 0.699 | / | / | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 0.677 |
| Drug for OA | ||||||||||
| No | Ref | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Yes | 1.13 (0.41–3.08) | 0.812 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| White blood cell count | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.002 | ||||
| Creatinine | 1.00 (0.37–2.68) | 1.000 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Groups | ||||||||||
| Low CVH | Ref | Ref | Ref | / | / | / | / | |||
| Moderate CVH | 0.63 (0.47–0.85) | 0.002 | 0.62 (0.43–0.89) | 0.010 | 0.67 (0.45–0.98) | 0.039 | / | / | / | / |
| High CVH | 0.37 (0.21–0.67) | 0.001 | 0.39 (0.22–0.68) | 0.001 | 0.47 (0.26–0.87) | 0.017 | / | / | / | / |
| Per 10 points increase | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | < 0.001 | / | / | / | / | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | < 0.001 | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | < 0.001 |
Ref reference, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence Interval, GED general equivalent diploma, AA Associate of Arts, PIR poverty-to-income ratio, CVD cardiovascular disease, OA osteoarthritis, CVH cardiovascular health
amultivariable model with the LE8 score (categorized varaible) as the exposure
bmultivariable model with per 10 points increase (continuous varaible) as the exposure