Table 1.
Characteristics and quality assessment of the included studies
| Study | Country | Sample size (n) | Age (mean (SD)) | Sex (M/F) | Treatment details | Treatment duration | Follow-up duration | Surgical procedures | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | C | I | C | I | C | I | C | ||||||
|
Correia, F. D [23] |
Portugal | 27 | 23 |
61.30 (7.0) |
60.04 (6.8) |
7/20 | 4/19 | an inertial motion tracker | home-based movement exercises | 6 weeks | 48 weeks | shoulder arthroscopy | CMS, Quick DASH, ROM |
|
Eriksson, L [24] |
Sweden | 10 | 12 |
70.0 (8.0) |
73.0 (9.0) | 2/8 | 3/9 | videoconferencing | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 8 weeks | / | shoulder arthroplasty | CMS, ROM, VAS pain score |
|
Kane, L. T [25] |
USA | 33 | 33 |
60.6 (8.5) |
59.8 (5.0) | 17/11 | 20/10 | videoconferencing | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 2 weeks | 12 weeks | rotator cuff repair | VAS pain score |
|
Marley, W. D [26] |
England | 33 | 31 |
52.9 (10.5) |
54.4 (8.5) | 13/20 | 13/18 | exercise games supervised by a therapist | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 12 weeks | / | shoulder arthroscopy | ROM |
|
Martinez-Rico, S [27] |
Spanish | 36 | 35 |
26.5 (5.5) |
29.0 (9.8) | 26/10 | 28/6 | a smartphone | home-based movement exercises | 8 weeks | 48 weeks | shoulder instability Surgery | Quick DASH, ROM, VAS pain score |
|
Pastora-Bernal, J.M [28] |
Spanish | 8 | 10 |
49.6 (10.1) |
54.8 (11.8) | 4/4 | 6/4 | interaction with a physical therapist who emailed images | home-based movement exercises | 8 weeks | 12 weeks | shoulder arthroscopy | CMS, ROM |
|
Sabbagh, R. [29] |
USA | 28 | 32 |
64.43 (8.0) |
64.1 (10.3) | 14/14 | 17/15 | a smartphone | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 24 weeks | / | shoulder pain | VAS pain score |
|
Çelik, E. B. [30] |
Türkiye | 20 | 20 |
38.3 (7.7) |
39.8 (10.4) | 8/12 | 12/8 | self-mobilization exercises supervised by a therapist | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 8 weeks | 12 weeks | shoulder pain | Quick DASH, ROM, VAS pain score |
|
Pak, S. S. [31] |
USA | 41 | 41 |
49.7 (12.6) |
50.8 (12.9) | 16/24 | 22/19 | an inertial motion tracker | usual face-to-face physical therapy | 8weeks | / | shoulder pain | Quick DASH |
|
Malliaras, P. [32] |
Australia | 12 | 12 |
56.6 (11.0) |
53.7 (11.5) | 1/11 | 1/11 | videoconferencing | / | 6 weeks | 12 weeks | shoulder pain | VAS pain score |
Abbreviations I, Intervention. C, Control. M/F, Male/female; CMS, Constant-Murley score; Quick DASH, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; VAS, Visual analog scale; ROM, Range of motion; SD, Standard Deviation