Table 2.
Adjusted prevalence ratios for each CNS medication, comparing COVID-19 pandemic vs. historical quarterly periods, by setting
| Adjusted prevalence ratioa for medication use associated with select COVID-19 pandemic time periods | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication class and setting | March-May 2020 [Wave 1] |
June-Aug 2020 | Sept-Nov 2020 [Wave 2] |
Dec 2020-Feb 2021 [Wave 2] | March – May 2021 [Wave 3] | June-Aug 2021 | Sept – Dec 2021 [Wave 4] |
| Antipsychotics | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
1.02 (0.97–1.07) 1.02 (0.96–1.08) |
1.06 (1.01–1.11) 1.02 (0.97–1.09) |
1.11 (1.06–1.17) 1.10 (1.03–1.16) |
1.12 (1.07–1.18) 1.07 (1.01–1.14) |
1.20 (1.14–1.27) b 1.09 (1.02–1.17) b |
1.22 (1.16–1.29) c 1.08 (1.01–1.16) c |
1.23 (1.16–1.29) d 1.13 (1.05–1.21) d |
| Antidepressants | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
1.05 (1.02–1.07) 1.04 (1.01–1.07) |
1.02 (1.00-1.05) 1.04 (1.01–1.06) |
1.05 (1.02–1.08) 1.08 (1.06–1.11) |
1.00 (0.97–1.03)e 1.05 (1.02–1.08) e |
1.06 (1.03–1.09) 1.09 (1.06–1.13) |
1.05 (1.02–1.08) 1.09 (1.05–1.12) |
1.09 (1.06–1.13) 1.11 (1.08–1.15) |
| Anti-dementia | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
0.94 (0.88–1.01) 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
0.95 (0.89–1.02) 0.95 (0.89–1.02) |
0.99 (0.92–1.06) 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
0.91 (0.85–0.98) 0.90 (0.83–0.96) |
0.95 (0.87–1.02) 0.92 (0.85-1.00) |
0.97 (0.90–1.05) 0.91 (0.84–0.99) |
1.02 (0.94–1.10) 0.95 (0.87–1.03) |
| Benzodiazepines | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
0.86 (0.78–0.94) 0.84 (0.78–0.90) |
0.84 (0.77–0.92) 0.86 (0.80–0.92) |
0.91 (0.83-1.00) 0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
0.88 (0.80–0.98) 0.90 (0.83–0.98) |
0.89 (0.80–0.99) 0.86 (0.79–0.94) |
0.87 (0.78–0.97) 0.87 (0.80–0.95) |
0.97 (0.87–1.08) 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Gabapentinoids | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
1.21 (1.03–1.42) 1.02 (0.92–1.12) |
1.16 (0.99–1.35) 1.00 (0.91–1.10) |
1.13 (0.98–1.31) 1.08 (0.98–1.19) |
1.10 (0.95–1.29) 1.05 (0.95–1.17) |
1.32 (1.10–1.59) 1.07 (0.95–1.20) |
1.23 (1.02–1.48) 1.01 (0.90–1.14) |
1.19 (1.00-1.42) 1.10 (0.98–1.23) |
| Other Anticonvulsants | |||||||
| Period (pandemic vs. 2018/19) | |||||||
|
Dementia Care Other AL |
0.95 (0.84–1.09) 1.08 (0.97–1.20) |
0.96 (0.85–1.09) 1.03 (0.94–1.14) |
0.93 (0.81–1.06) 1.04 (0.94–1.16) |
0.95 (0.83–1.09) 1.08 (0.97–1.21) |
0.96 (0.82–1.14) 1.15 (1.01–1.30) |
0.96 (0.82–1.12) 1.03 (0.92–1.17) |
0.95 (0.81–1.11) 1.03 (0.91–1.17) |
Abbreviations AL, assisted living; CNS, central nervous system
Notes Bolded estimates are statistically significant, p<0.05
a Models adjusted for age, sex, AL home health zone location, AL home ownership status and COVID-19 cases in AL home
b Test of statistical significance for interaction of period*setting, p=0.023
c Test of statistical significance for interaction of period*setting, p=0.005
d Test of statistical significance for interaction of period*setting, p=0.052
e Test of statistical significance for interaction of period*setting, p=0.007