Skip to main content
. 2024 Aug 14;23:92. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00990-w

Table 3.

Sensitivity analysis for daily supplementation of vitamin D

Group Study number; Patient number Dose–response meta-analysis, RR (95% CI) Pairwise Meta-analysis, RR (95% CI)
400 IU/d 800 IU/d 1200 IU/d
Sensitivity analysis
 Daily administration [28, 29, 31, 3335, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 54, 5660, 62, 65, 69, 70] 23; 8788 0.94 (0.87–1.02) 0.92 (0.82–1.02) 0.92 (0.84–1.02) 0.92 (0.85–0.99)
Subgroups
 Age group (years)
  < 7 [39, 42, 52, 54, 56, 60, 69] 7; 2614 0.88 (0.79–0.99) 0.87 (0.77–0.98) 0.88 (0.78–0.98) 0.92 (0.84–1.01)
  7–17 [31, 33, 35, 44, 45, 65] 6; 1312 0.70 (0.50–1.00) 0.81 (0.64–1.03) 0.94 (0.77–1.14) 0.87 (0.67–1.12)
  18–65 [28, 29, 34, 40, 50, 57, 59, 70] 8; 2445 0.93 (0.76–1.12) 0.89 (0.72–1.11) 0.88 (0.72–1.06) 0.84 (0.70–1.02)
  > 65 [58, 62] 2; 2417 NA NA NA 0.91 (0.85–0.98)
 Gender proportion (%)
  Male > 60[29, 33, 44, 45] 4; 514 NA NA NA 0.84 (0.58–1.21)
  Male ≤ 60 [28, 31, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 50, 52, 54, 5660, 62, 65, 69, 70] 19; 8274 0.97 (0.91–1.02) 0.95 (0.88–1.03) 0.95 (0.88–1.02) 0.92 (0.86–0.99)
 Comorbidity
  General [28, 29, 31, 35, 42, 44, 45, 52, 54, 5658, 60, 62, 65, 69, 70] 17; 7078 0.95 (0.86–1.05) 0.93 (0.81–1.07) 0.94 (0.84–1.06) 0.92 (0.85–0.99)
  Disease-specific [33, 34, 39, 40, 50, 59] 6; 1710 0.70 (0.49–1.01) 0.73 (0.53–1.00) 0.75 (0.56–1.00) 0.83 (0.66–1.04)
 Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/L)
  < 50 [35, 50, 54, 57, 70] 5; 1528 0.84 (0.64–1.10) 0.81 (0.60–1.10) 0.79 (0.53–1.20) 0.81 (0.59–1.11)
  > 50 [28, 29, 34, 39, 40, 42, 45, 52, 56, 5860, 62, 65, 66] 15; 6335 0.95 (0.88–1.03) 0.94 (0.84–1.04) 0.94 (0.85–1.03) 0.93 (0.87–0.99)
 Trial duration (months)
  < 4 [28, 35, 44, 45, 57, 58, 69, 70] 8; 1792 0.90 (0.52–1.57) 0.87 (0.41–1.82) 0.87 (0.75–1.69) 0.79 (0.59–1.05)
  4–12 [29, 31, 33, 39, 42, 50, 52, 59, 60, 65] 10; 2651 0.86 (0.76–0.97) 0.84 (0.72–0.97) 0.87 (0.76–1.00) 0.89 (0.79–1.00)
  > 12 [34, 40, 54, 56, 62] 5; 4345 NA NA NA 0.99 (0.94–1.04)
 Climatic zone
  Tropical or Subtropical [65, 69, 70] 3; 854 NA NA NA 0.45 (0.14–1.48)
  Temperate [28, 29, 31, 3335, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 54, 5660, 62] 20; 7934 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.90 (0.81–0.99) 0.91 (0.82–1.00) 0.92 (0.86–0.98)
 Summer
  Summer-inclusive [34, 40, 42, 52, 54, 5659, 62, 65, 69, 70] 13; 6824 1.00 (0.96–1.05) 1.00 (0.94–1.06) 0.98 (0.92–1.05) 0.96 (0.90–1.02)
  Summer-sparing [28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 44, 45, 50, 60] 10; 1964 0.75 (0.65–0.87) 0.72 (0.60–0.85) 0.78 (0.67–0.91) 0.83 (0.69–0.99)
 Winter

  Winter-dominant [28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 44, 45, 60]

[28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 44, 45, 60]

8; 1658 0.69 (0.58–0.82) 0.70 (0.59–0.82) 0.80 (0.69–0.93) 0.78 (0.68–0.92)
  Winter-non-dominant [33, 34, 40, 42, 50, 52, 54, 5659, 62, 65, 69, 70] 15; 7130 1.00 (0.95–1.04) 0.99 (0.93–1.06) 0.98 (0.92–1.05) 0.96 (0.89–1.02)
Sensitivity analysis
 Type of ARIs
  Mixed upper and lower respiratory tract infections [29, 3335, 42, 54, 56, 60, 62, 65] 10; 4588 0.87 (0.74–1.01) 0.87 (0.74–1.01) 0.90 (0.79–1.02) 0.88 (0.80–0.97)
  Upper respiratory tract infections [28, 39, 40, 45, 50, 52, 54, 5759] 10; 3254 0.91 (0.83–1.00) 0.87 (0.75–1.00) 0.87 (0.74–1.01) 0.97 (0.89–1.05)
  Lower respiratory tract infections [54] 1; 300 NA NA NA 0.94 (0.79–1.12)
  Influenza [31, 44, 52, 58, 59, 69] 6; 2125 0.90 (0.71–1.14) 0.87 (0.64–1.18) 0.89 (0.69–1.16) 0.94 (0.80–1.10)

ARI Acute respiratory infection, NA Not available